Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?

Igisubizo kigufi: Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) ntibwaremwe n'umuntu umwe; bwavutse binyuze mu mirimo y'abashakashatsi benshi mu bihe bitandukanye. Iyo hakenewe umuntu umwe ushinze ikoranabuhanga, John McCarthy ni we ukwiye kuba igisubizo gisanzwe, mu gihe Alan Turing n'abandi bashyizeho urufatiro rwimbitse ( Stanford , Britannica ).

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe:

Ifoto : Vuga John McCarthy mu gihe ikibazo kireba AI nk'ishami ryemewe.

Inkomoko : Vuga Alan Turing iyo bibanda ku bitekerezo bya mbere byakoreshejwe mu gutekereza ku mashini.

Abubatsi : Harimo na Newell, Simon, na Minsky mu gihe baganira kuri sisitemu za mbere zikora za AI.

Igitekerezo : Irinde inkuru z’abahanga bonyine; sobanura ko ubuhanga bwa siyansi (AI) bwakuze binyuze mu masomo ahuriweho n’amatsinda akorana.

Ikoreshwa rya none : Shimangira ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bw'iki gihe bushingiye ku bufatanye bunini, amakuru, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ubuhanga.

Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)? Igisubizo kigufi cyane 🧠

Ntitugakabye ibintu mu ntangiriro.

Iyo umuntu abajije uwaremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?, igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ni iki: ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) nk'umurima wemewe akenshi uhabwa John McCarthy , kuko yafashije kuwusobanura neza kandi agaha izina ry'umurima. Ariko icyo gisubizo ni igice cy'ishusho gusa. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Abandi batanga umusanzu munini barimo:

• Alan Turing - kubera kubaza niba imashini zishobora gutekereza no gushyiraho urufatiro rw'ingenzi rw'inyigisho

• Marvin Minsky - kubera guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bwa "AI" bwa mbere mu buryo bukomeye kandi buzwi ku mugaragaro

• Allen Newell na Herbert Simon - kubera kubaka zimwe muri gahunda za kera ziganaga imitekerereze ya muntu by'ukuri

• Claude Shannon - kubera guhuza logique, amakuru, n'imikorere y'imashini mu buryo bw'ingenzi cyane

• Norbert Wiener - ku bijyanye na cybernetics, sisitemu zo gutanga ibitekerezo, n'ibitekerezo byo kugenzura imashini byinjije mu mitekerereze ya AI

Yego, hariho amazina azwi cyane. Ariko oya, nta muremyi umwe rukumbi usumba abandi bose nk'umwami wa robots 👑🤖

Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bumeze nk'igitambaro cy'imyenda gikozwe n'abantu bakomeye cyane bafite ibibaho byanditseho ingwa, ingano, impaka, ndetse n'ikawa nyinshi cyane.

Kuki ikibazo "Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina?" kigoye kurusha uko cyumvikana 🤔

Iki kibazo gisa n'icyoroshye, ariko kirimo ibibazo bitatu bitandukanye.

1. Ni nde wavumbuye igitekerezo cy'imashini zifite ubwenge?

Ibyo bigusubiza inyuma cyane muri filozofiya no mu bwenge . Mbere ya mudasobwa zigezweho, abantu bari basanzwe bibaza niba ibitekerezo bishobora gukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga. Ese gutekereza bishobora gukurikiza amategeko? Ese imashini ishobora kwigana ubushishozi? Ese ubwenge bushobora kugabanuka?

Ibyo bibazo bifite akamaro kuko ubuhanga bwo gutekereza ku bwenge bwa muntu (AI) butaturutse ahantu hose. Byakomotse ku kwizera ko gutekereza bishobora gusobanura.

2. Ni nde wahinduye igitekerezo mu rwego rw'ubushakashatsi?

Aha niho ishami rya AI ryabaye remewe, ritunganijwe neza, kandi rikagira uburemere. Aho gutangara cyane, abashakashatsi batangiye kuvuga bati: “Reka dusobanure ikibazo, twubake ibishushanyo mbonera, dukore igerageza, kandi dukore imashini zikora imirimo y’ubwenge.”

Iryo hinduka - kuva ku nzozi kugera ku myitwarire - ni igice kinini cy'impamvu John McCarthy ahabwa icyubahiro gikabije.

3. Ni nde wubatse sisitemu zatumye ubuhanga mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bubaho koko?

Uru ni urundi rwego. Kwita izina ry'uru rwego ni ikintu kimwe. Kubaka sisitemu z'ingirakamaro ni ikindi. Abashakashatsi batandukanye bakoze ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo butandukanye - algorithms zo gushakisha, gutekereza mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo, imiyoboro y'ubwonko, imashini zigisha, ingero z'indimi, sisitemu zo kureba, robots, ni bimwe mu byo wavuze.

Rero iyo abantu babaza uwaremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?, akenshi baba bashaka kuvuga ibintu bitandukanye batabizi. Niyo mpamvu igisubizo gishobora kumvikana nk'ikidasobanutse. Kandi ibyo ni ukuri.

Ni iki gituma "Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina?" ✅

Verisiyo nziza y'iki kibazo ntabwo ishaka umuntu umwe washinze ikigo cy'amayobera. Ishaka urwego rukwiye rw'inguzanyo .

Dore igisubizo cyiza:

• Bitandukanya ubuhanzi n'ubwemewe

  • Umuntu wa mbere utekereza ubwenge bw'imashini si ngombwa ko aba ari we wubatse uwo murima.

• Ishimira abatangije ibintu byinshi

  • AI ifite imibare y'abashinze ikigo, nta n'umwe mu bashinze ikigo. Ibyo ni ibitekerezo bisukuye gusa.

• Irimo inyigisho n'ibikorwa

  • Ibitekerezo ni ingenzi, ariko sisitemu y'imikorere nayo ni ingenzi.

• Birinda gusenga intwari

  • Amateka y'ikoranabuhanga akunda inkuru y'ubuhanga yonyine kuko yoroshye kuyashyira hamwe. Amateka nyayo aragoye cyane.

• Bisobanura impamvu amazina amwe n'amwe akomeje kugaragara

  • Si buri wese wagize uruhare rumwe. Bamwe bahimbye ibitekerezo. Bamwe bubatse sisitemu. Bamwe bemeza abandi ko byose byari bikwiye gukurikiranwa.

• Yemera ko imiterere y'umurima yahindutse

  • Uburyo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwa kera ntabwo bwari bumeze nk'uburyo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwa none. Umuryango umwe, ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Ubwo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubitekerezaho. Si “Ni nde wenyine wabikoze?” ahubwo ni “Ni nde wubatse inzira yatumye bishoboka?” Bitari ibintu by’urukozasoni gato, wenda - ariko byegereye ukuri cyane.

Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya - Abantu Bakuru Bari Inyuma y'Igisubizo cya "Ni nde waremye AI?" 📊

Dore verisiyo isobanutse kurushaho. Amateka ntakenera igiciro na kimwe 😅

Igishushanyo	Abakurikiranira hafi cyane	Impamvu bikora
John McCarthy	Abasomyi bifuza igisubizo cy'uwashinze ku mugaragaro	Yahimbye iryo jambo kandi afasha mu gushyiraho ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk'umurima ukwiye. Igisubizo cyiza, ahanini
Alan Turing	Abantu bashishikajwe n'inkomoko ihamye	Babajije niba imashini zishobora gutekereza, ni iki gituma inkubi y'umuyaga itangira 🌩️
Marvin Minsky	Umuntu wese wiga umuco wo gukoresha ubwenge mu buryo bwa kera	Umuvugizi ukomeye w’ubukorano bw’ikoranabuhanga (AI) wa mbere, ufite uruhare runini mu bushakashatsi n’uruhare rugaragara cyane
Allen Newell + Herbert Simon	Abakunzi b'ibitekerezo, abantu bakunda ubushakashatsi	Gahunda zo gutekereza zabanje kubakwa - kugerageza gukora, si ugutekereza gusa
Claude Shannon	Abasomyi ba tekiniki	Amakuru ahujwe, imitekerereze, n'ibarura mu buryo bw'ibanze
Norbert Wiener	Abahanga mu mitekerereze ya sisitemu	Uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo no kugenzura bwatumye ibiganiro hagati y’imashini n’ubutasi bitera imbere
Frank Rosenblatt	Itsinda ry'abantu bashinzwe amasomo	Gutekereza ku miterere y'imitsi yo mu gihe cya mbere - gushaka intego, kudatungana, kandi mbere y'igihe cyabyo
Amakipe menshi atavuzwe amazina	Umuntu wese ushaka igisubizo nyacyo	Kubera ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bwakoranaga, ibyo bikaba bidasobanutse neza ariko bifite ishingiro 🙃

Akantu gato ko gushushanya ni aka - amateka ntabwo ahuye neza n'imbonerahamwe zijyanye n'ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, asobanura neza ingingo.

Inkuru y'Umuhanga mu by'ubwenge bwo mu mutwe (Lone Genius) muri AI 🚫🦸

Abantu bakunda inkuru y’umuntu umwe uvumbura ibintu kuko yumva ishimishije. Umuntu umwe, akanya gato, igihangano kimwe. Ni cyiza kandi gisukuye. Ariko ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw’ubuhanga bwanze kwitwara gutyo.

Inkuru y'ubuhanga bwonyine irasenyuka kubera impamvu nke:

• Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bushingiye ku mashami menshi

  • Logique

  • imibare

  • ubuvuzi bw'imitsi

  • indimi

  • ubwubatsi bwa mudasobwa

  • siyansi yo mu bwenge

• Abahanga mu bya siyansi batandukanye bakemuye ibice bitandukanye by'iki kibazo

  • umwe yafashe ingamba zo gutekereza

  • ubundi buryo bwo kwiga bwakozwe

  • andi makuru yemewe

  • indi mashini yasunikiye ku rurimi cyangwa ku buryo umuntu yumva

• Urubuga rwateye imbere mu buryo butangana

  • Hari igihe imiterere y'ibimenyetso yari ikomeye

  • rimwe na rimwe uburyo bwo kwiga bwariyongereye

  • rimwe na rimwe icyizere cyarasenyutse kandi inkunga iragabanuka

Ko ubusumbane ari ingenzi. Bivuze ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) butigeze "buvumburwa" na rimwe. Bwasubiwemo kenshi.

Itsinda rimwe rivuga ko ubwenge ari logique, irindi rivuga ko ari ukumenya imiterere, irindi rivuga ko ari uguhuza ibintu, hanyuma buri wese akavuga ko ari uguhuza ibintu kuva kera. Amateka ya AI ni yo ashingiyeho, ariko hamwe n'ibyifuzo by'inkunga n'ibindi bigereranyo.

Ishingiro rya Mbere - Mbere y'uko AI igira Izina 🏗️

Mbere y'uko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buhinduka urwego rwemewe, hagombaga kubaho uburyo bwo gutekereza ku gutekereza. Interuro idasanzwe, yego, ariko komeza umbe hafi.

Ishingiro ryavuye ku bantu bageragezaga gusubiza ibibazo nka:

• Ese gutekereza bishobora kugaragazwa binyuze mu bimenyetso?

• Ibibazo bishobora kugabanywamo intambwe?

• Ese imashini zishobora gukurikiza amategeko adafite ishingiro?

• Ese ubwenge bushobora guhagararirwa aho kwishimirwa gusa?

Aha niho logique yemewe yahindutse nini. Iyo gutekereza byashoboraga kwiganwa nk'inzira ifite imiterere, wenda imashini yashoboraga kongeramo ibice byayo. Icyo gitekerezo gisa n'aho gisobanutse ubu, ariko icyo gihe cyari gikabije bihagije ku buryo cyasiga abantu banezerewe cyangwa batangaye gato.

Alan Turing yabaye ingenzi hano kuko yafashije mu gusobanura icyo kubara ubwabyo bishobora kuba. Ibyo bifite akamaro kurusha uko abantu babyibwira. Mbere yo kubaza niba imashini ishobora gutekereza, ugomba kumenya icyo imashini ishobora gukora muri rusange.

Hanyuma hari Claude Shannon , wafashije kwerekana ko amakuru ashobora kuvurwa mu mibare. Ibyo bisa nkaho nta maraso afite ku mpapuro, ariko byari ingenzi cyane. Amakuru, logique, na circuits bitangiye kuvuga ururimi rumwe, inzira igana ku buhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) yagabanutse cyane.

Niba rero ubaza ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?, ntushobora kwirengagiza aba bahanga mu by'ubwenge ba mbere. Ntibashyizemo amatafari gusa - bashushanyije igishushanyo mbonera. ( OUP Academic )

John McCarthy n'igihe AI ​​yahindutse ikibuga 🏷️💡

Niba umuntu umwe akwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko, ni John McCarthy .

Kuki? Kubera ko yafashije guhindura ibitekerezo bitatanye mu ishami rizwi ryitwa ubwenge bw'ubukorano. Kwita ishami si ikintu gito. Bigira uruhare mu gutera inkunga, gahunda z'ubushakashatsi, umwirondoro w'amasomo, n'ibitekerezo rusange. Iyo ikintu kimaze kugira izina, abantu bashobora kugiteraniraho, bakakijyaho impaka, bakakigabaho igitero, bakakirengera - mu buryo butunguranye kibaho mu buryo bwemewe.

Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi basubiza ikibazo na McCarthy ku izina rya ni nde wakoze AI?

Uruhare rwe rugaragara cyane kuko yakoze ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

• Yafataga ubwenge bw'imashini nk'ikibazo cyemewe cya siyansi

• Yafashije gusobanura ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk'igice cyihariye cy'ubushakashatsi

• Yashishikariye intego zikomeye aho kugera ku ntego ntoya ziyongera

Ubu, mu by’ukuri, kwita izina ry’umurima si kimwe no kubaka ibintu byose muri wo wenyine. Nyamara, umurima wari ukeneye umuntu ushize amanga kugira ngo avuge ati “Iki ni ikintu, kandi tugiye kugikurikirana cyane.”

Ibyo bisaba imbaraga. Wenda no gutsimbarara ku masomo... birashoboka ko byombi. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Abubatsi - Abantu Batumye Ubuhanga bwa AI Bukora Ikintu Gifatika ⚙️

Aha niho inkuru irushaho kuba iy'ingirakamaro.

Allen Newell na Herbert Simon bari ingenzi kuko bashyizeho gahunda za mbere zageragezaga gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo. Si inyigisho gusa - sisitemu nyazo. Iryo tandukaniro ni rinini cyane. Hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuvuga ngo “imashini zishobora gutekereza” no kubaka imwe ishobora gukemura ibibazo byubatswe mu buryo busa n’igitekerezo.

Marvin Minsky yanabaye umwe mu bantu ba mbere bagaragaye cyane mu bushakashatsi bwa "AI", afasha mu kurema umuco w’ubushakashatsi no gushyira imbere icyerekezo gikomeye. Birumvikana ko atari wenyine, ariko ingaruka ze zageze kure.

Hanyuma ufite abashakashatsi basesengura sisitemu zo kwiga. Uru ruhande rwa AI ni ingenzi kuko ubwenge ntabwo ari ibijyanye n'ubwenge buhamye gusa. Bunajyanye no guhuza ibintu. Imashini zitera imbere binyuze mu kugaragara, gutanga ibitekerezo, no guhindura ibintu zigaragaza filozofiya itandukanye y'ubwenge - wenda iyoroshye kurushaho.

Aho niho ibitekerezo by’imitsi n’imiyoboro byinjirira mu biganiro. Impinduka za mbere zari nke, rimwe na rimwe zirashimwa cyane, rimwe na rimwe zifatwa nk’ejo hazaza mbere y’uko ejo hazaza hagera. Ariko imbuto yari ihari 🌱

None se, ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)? Biterwa nuko ubyitayeho cyane:

• gusobanura urwego,

• gushyiraho inyigisho,

• kubaka sisitemu ya mbere yo gutekereza,

• cyangwa guteza imbere sisitemu zigisha.

Buri nzira yerekana inzira zihurira ariko zitandukanye. ( cmu.edu )

Igishushanyo mbonera cya AI vs Kwiga AI - Imihanda ibiri minini, ahantu hamwe ... Ubwoko bwa 🛣️

Iki gice ni ingenzi kurusha uko kigaragara mbere.

Ubuhanga bwinshi bwo mu ikoranabuhanga rya kera bwibanze ku bitekerezo by’ikigereranyo . Ibyo bivuze gushushanya ubumenyi ukoresheje ibimenyetso, amategeko, n’imiterere y’ubwenge. Bufata ubwenge nk’ikintu kimwe no gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bw’imiterere.

Irindi shami rinini ryibanze cyane ku kwigira ku makuru , kumenya imiterere, no kuyahindura. Ibi bifata ubwenge nk'ikintu cyoroshye kandi kitanditse neza mu buryo busobanutse.

Uburyo bwombi bwagize uruhare mu ikoranabuhanga rya “AI”. Byombi byazanye ibitekerezo by'ingirakamaro. Byombi byari bifite n'aho bigarukira.

Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo (AI) bwari bukomeye igihe:

• amategeko yari asobanutse neza

• ubushishozi bwari bufite akamaro

• ubumenyi bw'inzobere bushobora gushyirwa mu buryo bw'ibanga

Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bushingiye ku myigire bwari bukomeye igihe:

• imiterere yari igoye

• amakuru yari menshi

• ikibazo cyari kijyanye no kumenya aho kuba incamake nziza

Ikibuga cyarahindutse hagati y'ubu buryo nk'igare ryo guhaha rifite ipine rimwe ribi. Riracyagenda, gusa urusaku 😬

Ibi ni ingenzi kuri iki kibazo kuko "abahanzi" batandukanye bakunze kuba imigenzo itandukanye. Rero iyo umuntu umwe avuze Turing undi akavuga McCarthy undi akavuga Rosenblatt, bashobora kuba bavuga ku ishami ritandukanye ry'uruzi rumwe runini. ( britannica.com )

Impamvu AI yo muri iki gihe atari igikorwa cy'igihe kimwe 🌍

Uburyo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bugezweho, ubwoko abantu bakoresha mu kwandika, gukora amashusho, gutanga inama, gukoresha amajwi, gushakisha, gukora robots, no gukora imirimo y'indimi, bwavuye ku ntambwe ku yindi.

Byari bikenewe:

• siyansi ya mudasobwa y'imitekerereze

• ibikoresho byiza kurushaho

• amakuru manini

• uburyo bwo guhugura bunoze

• iterambere ry'ibarurishamibare

• ubwubatsi ku rwego rwo hejuru

• amakipe, laboratwari, n'ibikorwa remezo

Iyo ya nyuma ifite akamaro kanini. Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bugezweho buhuriweho cyane. Bwubakwa n'abashakashatsi, abasesengura, abashushanya za chip, injeniyeri za porogaramu, amakipe y'ibicuruzwa, abasuzuma umutekano, abahanga mu ndimi, abahanga mu mibare, n'abandi. Ikinyoma cy'umuvumbuzi umwe kirarushaho kugabanuka hano.

Rero iyo umuntu abajije ati “Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’uko tuyizi ubu?” igisubizo kirava ku bayobozi bake bazwi cyane kikagera ku miryango minini y’abatanga umusanzu.

Kandi ibyo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidashimishije gato, wenda. Ariko ni ukuri. Guhanga udushya nyako akenshi ntibimeze nk'urwibutso ahubwo bisa n'umujyi - ugoranye, urimo ibice, wuzuye abantu, kandi wubatswe n'abantu batazigera bahura bose.

Impamvu abantu bagishaka izina rimwe 👀

Nubwo bamaze kumva ibi byose, abantu benshi baracyashaka igisubizo kimwe. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe.

Turashaka koroshya ibintu kuko:

• biroroshye kwibuka

• bituma habaho amakuru meza

• amashuri n'itangazamakuru bikunze gutoteza amateka

• abantu bakunda intwari kurusha sisitemu

Hariho kandi ikintu cyo kwizerana. Iyo ushobora gushyira ikintu gishya ku muntu umwe uzwi, inkuru irasobanutse neza. Ariko amateka ntabwo aduha isuku.

Niba ugomba guhitamo izina rimwe ryemerwa cyane kugira ngo ushinge ku mugaragaro ikoranabuhanga rya AI, John McCarthy ni we ukwiriye cyane.

Niba ushaka inkuru y’inkomoko y’ubwenge yimbitse, Alan Turing ni we uri hejuru cyane.

Niba ushaka abubatsi ba mbere b’ingirakamaro, Newell, Simon, na Minsky ntibashobora kwirindwa.

Ariko se niba ushaka igisubizo cy'ukuri kurusha ibindi, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi bwa gihanga (AI) bwakozwe n'urusobe rw'abahanga mu gutekereza no kubaka ibintu uko igihe cyagiye gihita . Ibyo ntibishishikaje cyane, birakaza gato, ariko birahari.

Gutekereza Ku Musozo - None se, ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)? 🧩

Dore umwanzuro usobanutse neza.

Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)? Nta muntu n'umwe wabikoze.

John McCarthy akunze gushimirwa kuba yarashinze AI nk'ishami risanzwe kuko yafashije kuyisobanura no kuyiha izina. Alan Turing yashyizeho urufatiro rw'ingenzi rw'ibitekerezo. Newell na Simon bubatse zimwe mu nzira za mbere zo gutekereza. Minsky yashyize imbere ubushakashatsi bwa AI bwa mbere. Shannon , Wiener , Rosenblatt , n'abandi benshi nabo bagize uruhare runini mu bikorwa byabo.

Igisubizo nyacyo ni ugufatanya.

Kandi ibyo bituma ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) burushaho gushimisha, ntabwo ari bike. Ntabwo ari umusaruro w'umuhanga umwe ureba cyane muri ecran irabagirana. Yubatswe mu mpaka, gutsindwa, ibintu bidasanzwe, igerageza, ibintu bidashoboka, gusubiramo ibintu, n'imigambi mibi. Ni ubuntu cyane, mu yandi magambo ❤️

Noneho ubutaha umuntu azakubaza ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?, ushobora gutanga igisubizo cy'ubwenge utiriwe ubivuga nk'igitabo cy'amasomo:

AI ntiyashinzwe n'umuntu umwe - ariko niba ukeneye uwashinze byemewe, John McCarthy ni ryo zina abantu benshi bavuga, Alan Turing n'abandi bayobozi benshi bakomeye bari inyuma. ( www-formal.stanford.edu )

Iragoye gato. Irabagirana gato. Ni ukuri cyane.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwemewe na benshi?

Nta muntu n'umwe waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku giti cye. Igisubizo kigufi cyumvikana neza ni uko John McCarthy akunze gushimirwa kuba ari we washinze ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk'urwego rwemewe kuko yafashije mu kubisobanura no kubyita izina. Ariko igisubizo cyuzuye kandi cy'ukuri ni uko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi benshi uko igihe cyagiye gihita.

Kuki John McCarthy akunze kwitwa izina iyo abantu babaza uwaremye AI?

John McCarthy agaragara cyane kuko yafashije guhindura ibitekerezo bitatanye ku bumenyi bw'imashini mu ishami ry'ubushakashatsi rizwi. Guha izina rya AI byari ingenzi kuko byafashije mu gushyiraho ubushakashatsi, inkunga, no kuganira ku mugaragaro. Ntabwo yiyubakiye AI yose ubwe, ariko yagize uruhare runini mu kuyishyiraho nk'ishami ryemewe.

Ese Alan Turing yashyizeho ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mbere yuko urubuga rugira izina?

Alan Turing ni umwe mu bantu bafite inkomoko ikomeye muri AI, nubwo akenshi adakunze kuvugwa ko ari we washinze iyi AI wenyine. Akazi ke ku mibare, hamwe n'ikibazo cye kizwi cyane ku bijyanye no kumenya niba imashini zishobora gutekereza, byahaye uru ruganda ishingiro ry'ingenzi ry'ibitekerezo. Yafashije mu gutuma AI ishoboka mbere yuko iba ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi.

Ni nde wakoze porogaramu za mbere za AI zafashije mu gukemura ibibazo?

Allen Newell na Herbert Simon ni bo bakomeye hano kuko bubatse zimwe muri gahunda za kera zigamije kwigana imitekerereze ya muntu no gukemura ibibazo. Ibyo byatumye zigira akamaro cyane mu mateka y’ubuhanga mu by’ubukorano. Akazi kabo kagaragaje ko ubwenge bw’imashini bushobora kuva mu bitekerezo bijya mu buryo bw’imikorere.

Ni uruhe ruhare Marvin Minsky yagize mu ntangiriro z'ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI)?

Marvin Minsky yari umwe mu bashakashatsi ba mbere b’abahanga mu bya siyansi ya AI bagaragaraga cyane kandi bakomeye. Yafashije mu guteza imbere umurimo haba mu nzego za leta no mu nzego z’ubushakashatsi, ahindura umuco w’ubushakashatsi kandi ashishikariza abantu kugera ku ntego zikomeye. Si we wenyine wabaye umuhanga mu bya siyansi ya AI, ariko ingaruka ze zamugize umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeza kugaragara mu mateka akomeye ya AI.

Ni gute Claude Shannon na Norbert Wiener bagize ingaruka ku bwenge bw'ubukorano?

Claude Shannon yafashije guhuza logic, amakuru, n'imibare mu buryo bwatumye nyuma AI ikora neza cyane. Umurimo wa Norbert Wiener ku bijyanye na cybernetics, feedback, na control systems nawo wagize uruhare mu buryo abantu batekerezaga ku mashini zifite ubwenge. Nta n'umwe muri zo ukunze kwitwa umuremyi umwe wa AI, ariko byombi byafashije kubaka urwego rw'ubwenge ruyikikije.

Kuki ikibazo "ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina?" kigoye kurusha uko kigaragara?

Kubera ko abantu bakunze kuba basobanura ibintu bitandukanye iyo babibajije. Bamwe bashaka kuvuga uwabanje gutekereza imashini zifite ubwenge, abandi bashaka kuvuga uwahinduye ubuhanga mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) mu ishami ryemewe, abandi bashaka kuvuga uwaba yarashinze sisitemu za kera zakoraga neza. Iyo izo nsobanuro zimaze gutandukana, igisubizo kirarushaho kuba cyiza kandi gikorana neza.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo (symbolic AI) n'ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge bushingiye ku kwiga?

Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo bufata ubwenge nk'amategeko, ibimenyetso, na logique ishingiye ku buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bushingiye ku kwigira bwibanda cyane ku miterere, amakuru, na sisitemu bitera imbere binyuze mu kugaragara no gutanga ibitekerezo. Iyi nkuru isobanura ko uburyo bwombi bwagize uruhare mu ishami, ari nayo mpamvu abantu batandukanye batangiranye ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku cyo Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bugomba kuba.

Ni nde waremye ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk'uko tuyikoresha muri iki gihe muri chatbots, ishakisha, n'ibikoresho by'amashusho?

Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bugezweho ntabwo ari umurimo w’umuntu umwe ugereranyije n’ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bwa kera. Bwakuze binyuze mu byiciro by’inyigisho, iterambere ry’ibikoresho, amakuru manini, uburyo bwiza bwo guhugura, n’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga. Mu by’ukuri, ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina abantu bakoresha muri iki gihe buturuka mu miryango minini y’abashakashatsi, injeniyeri, abasesengura, n’amatsinda y’ibicuruzwa aho kuba ubw’umuvumbuzi umwe.

Kuki abantu bagishaka izina rimwe ry'uwakoze AI?

Abantu bakunze gushaka izina rimwe kuko rituma amateka yoroha kwibuka no kuyasobanura. Inkuru y’uwashinze amateka umwe yumva isuku, nubwo yaba ituzuye. Niyo mpamvu John McCarthy akunze guhabwa igisubizo cyemewe cy’uwashinze amateka, mu gihe Alan Turing n’abandi bambere bakomeza kuba ingenzi kugira ngo inkuru yuzuye ibe yuzuye.

Amareferensi

1. Kaminuza ya Stanford - Igitekerezo cy'umushinga w'ubushakashatsi mu mpeshyi ya Dartmouth ku bwenge bw'ubukorano - www-formal.stanford.edu

2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Filozofiya - Ubuhanga bw'Ubwenge bw'Ubukorano - plato.stanford.edu

1. Oxford Academic (Ikinyamakuru cy'imitekerereze) - Imashini n'ubuhanga bya mudasobwa - academic.oup.com

2. Oxford Academic (Inyandiko z'Umuryango w'Imibare wa London) - Ku mibare ishobora kubarwa, hamwe n'ifishi yo gusaba muri Entscheidungsproblem - academic.oup.com

3. Amakuru ya MIT - Urupfu rwa Marvin Minsky - news.mit.edu

4. Kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon - Amateka - Umuryango wa Simon - cmu.edu

5. Nokia Bell Labs - Claude Shannon n'igihe cy'ikoranabuhanga - nokia.com

6. Encyclopaedia Britannica - Ubwenge bw'ubukorano: Uburyo n'intego muri AI - britannica.com

7. Cornell Chronicle - Perceptron yafunguye inzira yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya “AU” - news.cornell.edu

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