Imirimo AI Idashobora Gusimbuza n'iyihe mirimo AI izasimbuza? Igitekerezo Mpuzamahanga ku Ngaruka AI igira ku Kazi

Gutegura Izamuka rya AI mu Bakozi

Mu 2023, ibigo birenga bitatu bya kane (77%) ku isi byari bimaze gukoresha cyangwa gushakisha ibisubizo bya AI ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). Uku kwiyongera kw'abakoresha ikoranabuhanga bigira ingaruka nyazo: 37% by'ibigo bikoresha AI byatangaje ko abakozi bagabanutse mu 2023, naho 44% biteze ko akazi gaterwa na AI kagabanutse mu 2024 ( AI Job Loss: Shocking Statistics Revealed ). Muri icyo gihe, abasesenguzi bemeza ko AI ishobora gushyira imirimo ibarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana mu kaga - abahanga mu by'ubukungu ba Goldman Sachs bavuze ko imirimo miliyoni 300 ku isi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo AI ikora ( 60+ Statistics on AI Replacement Jobs (2024) ). Ntibitangaje kuba ikibazo kivuga ngo "ni iyihe mirimo AI izasimbura?" na "Imirimo AI idashobora gusimbura" byabaye ingenzi mu biganiro ku hazaza h'akazi.

Ariko, amateka atanga uburyo bwo kureba. Impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga ryabanjirije iri (kuva ku ikoranabuhanga kugeza kuri mudasobwa) yahungabanyije amasoko y'umurimo ariko inatanga amahirwe mashya. Uko ubushobozi bwa AI bugenda bwiyongera, hari ibiganiro bikomeye ku bijyanye no kumenya niba iyi mihindagurikire y'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga izakurikiza iyo gahunda. Iyi nyandiko ireba imiterere: uburyo AI ikora mu bijyanye n'imirimo, ni izihe nzego zihura n'ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwimuka, ni izihe nshingano zikomeje kuba mu mutekano (n'impamvu), n'icyo impuguke ziteganya ku bakozi bo ku isi. Amakuru aheruka, ingero z'inganda, n'amagambo y'impuguke arimo kugira ngo habeho isesengura rirambuye kandi rigezweho.

Uburyo AI ikora mu bijyanye n'akazi

Ubuhanga mu by'ubwenge (AI) muri iki gihe bukora neza mu mirimo - cyane cyane ijyanye no kumenya imiterere, gutunganya amakuru, no gufata ibyemezo bisanzwe. Aho gutekereza ko ubuhanga mu by'ubwenge (AI) ari umukozi usa n'umuntu, byumvikana neza nk'ikusanyirizo ry'ibikoresho byatojwe gukora imirimo mito. Ibi bikoresho birimo algorithme zo kwiga imashini zisesengura amakuru menshi, kugeza kuri sisitemu zo kureba za mudasobwa zigenzura ibicuruzwa, kugeza ku buryo bw'umwimerere bwo gutunganya indimi nka chatbots zikemura ibibazo by'ibanze by'abakiriya. Mu buryo bufatika, ubuhanga mu by'ubwenge bushobora gukora ibice by'akazi mu buryo bwikora : bushobora gushakisha vuba inyandiko ibihumbi kugira ngo bubone amakuru ajyanye n'ibyo, gutwara imodoka mu nzira yagenwe, cyangwa gusubiza ibibazo byoroshye byo gutanga serivisi ku bakiriya. Ubu buhanga bushingiye ku nshingano busobanura ko ubuhanga mu by'ubwenge bukunze kuzuza abakozi b'abantu binyuze mu gufata inshingano zisubirwamo.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko imirimo myinshi igizwe n'imirimo myinshi, kandi imwe muri yo ni yo ishobora kuba ikwiriye ikoranabuhanga rya AI. Isesengura rya McKinsey ryagaragaje ko imirimo iri munsi ya 5% ishobora kwikora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ( AI Replacement Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Mu yandi magambo, gusimbura burundu umuntu mu mirimo myinshi biracyari ingorabahizi. Icyo AI ishobora gukora ni ugukora ibice by'akazi: mu by'ukuri, hafi 60% by'imirimo ifite igice kinini cy'ibikorwa bishobora kwikora hakoreshejwe AI na robots za porogaramu ( AI Replacement Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Ibi bisobanura impamvu tubona AI ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho gishyigikira - urugero, sisitemu ya AI ishobora gukora isuzuma ry'ibanze ry'abakandida ku kazi, ikagaragaza CV nziza kugira ngo umuntu ushakisha abakozi asuzume. Imbaraga za AI ziri mu muvuduko wayo no guhuza imirimo isobanutse neza, mu gihe abantu bagumana amahirwe mu guhuza imirimo, mu gihe ubushishozi bugoye, n'ubuhanga mu mibanire y'abantu.

Impuguke nyinshi zishimangira iri tandukaniro. “Ntituramenya ingaruka zose kugeza ubu, ariko nta ikoranabuhanga na rimwe mu mateka ryigeze rigabanya akazi kuri interineti,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Mary C. Daly, Perezida wa San Francisco Fed, ashimangira ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bushobora guhindura uburyo dukora aho guhita buhindura abantu ubusa ( SF Fed Reserve Chief Mary Daly mu nama y’ikoranabuhanga ya Fortune Brainstorm: Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) busimbura imirimo, ntabwo ari abantu - San Francisco Fed ). Mu gihe cya vuba, ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) burimo “gusimbura imirimo, ntabwo ari abantu,” bwongera inshingano z’abantu binyuze mu gufata imirimo isanzwe no kwemerera abakozi kwibanda ku nshingano zigoye kurushaho. Gusobanukirwa iyi miterere ni ingenzi mu kumenya imirimo Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzasimbura n’imirimo Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) budashobora gusimbura – akenshi ni imirimo mu mirimo (cyane cyane imirimo isubiramo, ishingiye ku mategeko) iba ishobora kwibasirwa cyane n’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga.

Akazi gashobora gusimburwa n'ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu (AI) (Ukurikije urwego)

Nubwo ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bushobora kutagenzura imirimo myinshi mu ijoro rimwe, amashami amwe n'amwe n'ibyiciro by'imirimo bibangamiwe cyane no kwikora kurusha andi. Ibi bikunze kuba amashami afite ibikorwa byinshi bisanzwe, amakuru menshi, cyangwa ingendo zisanzwe zishoboka - ahantu ikoranabuhanga rya AI n'imashini zikora i ...

Inganda n'Umusaruro

Inganda zari zimwe mu nzego za mbere zumvise ingaruka z’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga, binyuze muri robots zo mu nganda n’imashini zigezweho. Imirimo yo guteranya isubiramo hamwe n’imirimo yoroshye yo gukora igenda ikorwa na robots zifite icyerekezo n’ubuyobozi bushingiye ku buhanga bwa AI. Urugero, Foxconn , uruganda rukomeye rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwashyize robots kugira ngo zisimbuze abakozi 60.000 bo mu nganda mu kigo kimwe binyuze mu gukora imirimo isubiramo ( 3 mu bakoresha 10 bakomeye ku isi basimbuza abakozi robots | Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu bw’Isi ). Mu nganda zikora imodoka ku isi, amaboko ya robots asudira akanasiga irangi neza, bigabanyiriza akazi gakenewe mu maboko. Ingaruka ni uko imirimo myinshi gakondo yo gukora - abakoresha imashini, abateranya, abapakira - irimo gusimburwa n’imashini ziyobowe na AI. Nk’uko Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu bw’Isi ribivuga, imirimo yo guteranya n’iy’abakozi bo mu nganda iri mu igabanuka , kandi imirimo nk’iyo myinshi yamaze gukurwaho mu myaka ya vuba aha uko imikorere yihuta ( AI Replacement Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Iyi ngendo ni iy’isi yose: ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Ubushinwa, na Amerika byose birimo gushyira mu bikorwa AI yo gukora kugira ngo byongere umusaruro, akenshi bigahaza abakozi bakora ku nganda. Icyiza ni uko ikoranabuhanga rikora ku buryo bwikora rishobora gutuma inganda zikora neza ndetse rikanahanga imirimo mishya ya tekiniki (nk'abatekinisiye bashinzwe kubungabunga robo), ariko imirimo yoroshye yo gukora iragaragara ko ishobora gucika burundu.

Ubucuruzi n'Ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bidukikije

Mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi, AI irimo guhindura uburyo amaduka akora n'uko abakiriya bagura. Ahari impinduka igaragara cyane ni ukwiyongera kwa za kiosks zo kwiyishyuriraho ibicuruzwa n'amaduka yikora. Imirimo y'abacashier, yahoze ari imwe mu myanya ikunze kugaragara mu bucuruzi, irimo kugabanuka mu gihe abacuruzi bashora imari muri sisitemu zo kwishyura zikoresha AI. Amasosiyete akomeye y'ibiribwa n'amasupamake ubu afite uburyo bwo kwishyura bwite, kandi amasosiyete nka Amazon yashyizeho amaduka "yo gusohoka gusa" (Amazon Go) aho AI na sensors bikurikirana ibyo bagura nta muntu ukenewe mu gucunga amafaranga. Ikigo cy'Ibarurishamibare ry'Umurimo muri Amerika cyamaze kubona igabanuka ry'akazi k'abacashier - kuva kuri miliyoni 1.4 z'abacashier mu 2019 kugeza kuri miliyoni 1.2 mu 2023 - kandi giteganya ko umubare uzagabanukaho indi 10% mu myaka icumi iri imbere ( AI irahari. Ariko irimo kubarwa | Amakuru ya AP ). Gucunga ububiko bw'ibikoresho no kubika ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi nabyo birimo gukora: robots zizenguruka mu bubiko zigarura ibintu (urugero, Amazon ikoresha robots zirenga 200.000 zigendanwa mu bigo byayo by'imirimo, zikorana n'abatoranya abantu). Ndetse n'imirimo yo hasi nko gupima no gusukura ibikoresho byo mu nzu irimo gukorwa na robo zikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI mu maduka amwe manini. Ingaruka ni uko imirimo mike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko kubara imigabane, abatoragura ububiko, n'abashinzwe gucunga amafaranga. Ku rundi ruhande, ubuhanga bwa AI mu bucuruzi burimo gutuma hakenerwa abakozi b'abahanga bashobora gucunga algorithme z'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki cyangwa gusesengura amakuru y'abakiriya. Ariko, iyo bigeze ku mirimo AI izasimbura mu bucuruzi , imirimo idafite ubumenyi buhagije hamwe n'imirimo isubiramo ni yo ntego z'ibanze zo gukora ikoranabuhanga.

Imari n'amabanki

Imari yari ikiri kare kugira ngo ikoreshe porogaramu zikora, kandi ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) muri iki gihe burimo kwihutisha iyo gahunda. Imirimo myinshi ikubiyemo gutunganya imibare, gusuzuma inyandiko, cyangwa gufata ibyemezo bisanzwe irimo gukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwa algorithm. Urugero rutangaje ruturuka kuri JPMorgan Chase , aho gahunda iyobowe na AI yitwa COIN yatangijwe kugira ngo isesengure inyandiko z’amategeko n’amasezerano y’inguzanyo. COIN ishobora gusuzuma amasezerano mu masegonda - akazi katwaraga amasaha 360.000 y’abanyamategeko n’abakozi bashinzwe inguzanyo buri mwaka ( software ya JPMorgan ikora mu masegonda yatwaraga abanyamategeko amasaha 360.000 | The Independent | The Independent ). Binyuze muri ibyo, byasimbuye igice kinini cy’imirimo y’amategeko/ubuyobozi mu mikorere ya banki. Mu nganda z’imari, sisitemu z’ubucuruzi za algorithm zasimbuye umubare munini w’abacuruzi b’abantu binyuze mu gukora ubucuruzi vuba kandi akenshi bukunguka cyane. Amabanki n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi bikoresha AI mu gutahura uburiganya, gusuzuma ibyago, no gukoresha chatbots za serivisi ku bakiliya, bigabanya gukenera abasesenguzi benshi n’abakozi bashinzwe gufasha abakiriya. Ndetse no mu ibaruramari n’igenzura, ibikoresho bya AI bishobora gushyira mu byiciro ibikorwa no kubona ibitagenda neza, bigahungabanya akazi gasanzwe ko kubika amafaranga. Bivugwa ko abakozi b’ibaruramari n’abashinzwe imari ari bamwe mu bashinzwe imirimo ikomeye mu kaga , aho iyi myanya iteganijwe kugabanuka cyane uko porogaramu y’ibaruramari ya AI igenda irushaho kugira ubushobozi ( Imibare irenga 60 ku mirimo yo gusimbuza AI (2024) ). Muri make, urwego rw’imari ruri kubona AI isimbura imirimo ijyanye no gutunganya amakuru, impapuro, no gufata ibyemezo bisanzwe - kuva ku bakozi ba banki (kubera ATM na banki zo kuri interineti) kugeza ku basesenguzi bo mu biro bikuru - mu gihe bongera inshingano zo gufata ibyemezo by’imari ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga na porogaramu

Bishobora kumvikana nk'ibisekeje, ariko urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga - inganda zubaka AI - narwo rurimo gukora ibice by'abakozi barwo. Iterambere riherutse mu gukora AI ryagaragaje ko kwandika kode bitakiri ubuhanga bwa muntu gusa. Abafasha mu gukora AI (nka GitHub Copilot na OpenAI's Codex) bashobora gukora ibice byinshi bya kode ya porogaramu mu buryo bwikora. Ibi bivuze ko imirimo imwe n'imwe isanzwe yo gukora porogaramu, cyane cyane kwandika kode ya boilerplate cyangwa gukemura amakosa yoroshye, ishobora gushyirwa kuri AI. Ku bigo by'ikoranabuhanga, ibi bishobora kugabanya gukenera amakipe manini y'abakora porogaramu bato. Muri ubwo buryo, AI irimo kunoza imikorere ya IT n'ubuyobozi mu bigo by'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero rugaragara: muri 2023 IBM yatangaje guhagarika akazi ku mirimo imwe n'imwe yo mu biro kandi ivuga ko hafi 30% by'imirimo idahura n'abakiriya (imyanya igera kuri 7.800) ishobora gusimburwa na AI mu myaka 5 iri imbere ( IBM igiye guhagarika akazi muri gahunda yo gusimbuza imirimo 7.800 na AI, nk'uko Bloomberg ibivuga | Reuters ). Iyi mirimo irimo imyanya y'ubuyobozi n'abakozi irimo gahunda, impapuro, n'izindi nzira zisanzwe. Urugero rwa IBM rugaragaza ko n'imirimo ikorwa mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ishobora kwikora iyo igizwe n'imirimo isubirwamo - AI ishobora gukora gahunda, kubika inyandiko, n'ibibazo by'ibanze nta muntu ubifitemo uruhare. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko akazi gahanga kandi kagoye mu by'ubuhanga bwa porogaramu kakiri mu maboko y'abantu (AI iracyafite ubushobozi rusange bwo gukemura ibibazo nk'ubw'umuhanga w'inararibonye). Ariko ku bahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga, ibice bisanzwe by'akazi birimo kwigarurirwa na AI - kandi amasosiyete ashobora gukenera abakozi bake bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, abapima QA, cyangwa abakozi bashinzwe ubufasha mu by'ikoranabuhanga uko ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitera imbere. Mu by'ukuri, urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rurimo gukoresha AI kugira ngo rusimbuze imirimo isanzwe cyangwa ishingiye ku bufasha mu gihe rwohereza impano z'abantu ku mirimo mishya kandi yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Serivisi n'Ubufasha ku Bakiriya

Ibiganiro bya AI n'abafasha b'abakiriya byateye imbere cyane mu rwego rwa serivisi ku bakiliya. Gukemura ibibazo by'abakiriya - haba kuri telefoni, imeri, cyangwa ikiganiro - ni umurimo usaba abakozi benshi amasosiyete yamaze igihe ashaka kunoza. Ubu, bitewe n'uburyo bw'indimi bugezweho, sisitemu za AI zishobora kugirana ibiganiro bisa n'iby'abantu ku buryo butangaje. Amasosiyete menshi yashyizeho ibiganiro bya AI nk'umurongo wa mbere w'ubufasha, asubiza ibibazo bisanzwe (gusubiza konti, gukurikirana ibyo abantu basabye, ibibazo bikunze kubazwa) nta muntu uhagarariye abantu. Ibi byatangiye gusimbuza imirimo yo guhamagara no gutanga ubufasha ku bantu. Urugero, amasosiyete y'itumanaho n'ibigo by'imari n'imigabane avuga ko igice kinini cy'ibibazo by'abakiriya gikemurwa burundu n'abahagarariye abantu ku buryo bufatika. Abayobozi b'inganda bateganya ko iki gikorwa kizakura gusa: Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Zendesk, Tom Eggemeier, yiteze ko 100% by'imikoranire y'abakiriya bizasaba AI mu buryo runaka, kandi ko 80% by'ibibazo bitazakenera umukozi uhagarariye abantu mu gihe cya vuba ( imibare 59 ya serivisi ku bakiliya ya AI yo mu 2025 ). Ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe cyane abahagarariye serivisi ku bakiliya. Ubushakashatsi bumaze kugaragara, bwagaragaje ko amatsinda arenga kimwe cya kane cy’abakiriya bashinzwe serivisi z’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu mikorere yabo ya buri munsi, kandi ubucuruzi bukoresha "abashinzwe serivisi z’ubuhanga mu by ...ikoranabuhanga (AI) bwagabanyije ikiguzi cy’ikoreshwa ry’abakiriya kugeza kuri 30% ( Serivisi y’Abakiriya: Uburyo Ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga - Forbes ). Ubwoko bw’imirimo yo gufasha abakiriya ishobora gusimburwa n’iy’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga ni iyo ikubiyemo ibisubizo byanditse n’ibibazo bisanzwe - urugero, umukozi ushinzwe serivisi z’ikigo cy’ishuri cya mbere ukurikiza inyandiko yagenwe ku bibazo bisanzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, ibibazo by’abakiriya bigoye cyangwa bishyushye cyane akenshi birushaho kwiyongera ku bakozi b’abantu. Muri rusange, Ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’

Ubwikorezi n'Ibintu

Inganda nke ni zo zakunze kwitabwaho cyane ku bijyanye no gusimbuza akazi gashingiye ku buhanga bwa AI nk'ubwikorezi. Iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga byigenga - amakamyo, tagisi, na roboti zitwara imizigo - ribangamira mu buryo butaziguye imirimo ijyanye no gutwara imodoka. Urugero, mu nganda zitwara amakamyo, amasosiyete menshi arimo kugerageza amakamyo maremare yigenga ku mihanda minini. Niba iyi mihati igenze neza, abashoferi b'amakamyo maremare bashobora gusimburwa ahanini n'ibikoresho byigenga bishobora gukora amasaha 24/24. Ingero zimwe ziratangaje: ikoranabuhanga rishobora gusimbura 90% by'imirimo y'amakamyo maremare niba ikoranabuhanga ryigenga ritangiye gukora neza kandi ryizewe ( Amakamyo yigenga ashobora guhita afata akazi kadashimishije mu gutwara amakamyo maremare ). Gutwara amakamyo ni imwe mu mirimo ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu byinshi (urugero: ni umukoresha ukomeye w'abagabo b'Abanyamerika badafite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza), bityo ingaruka hano zishobora kuba nini cyane. Tumaze kubona intambwe ziyongera - amabisi yigenga mu mijyi imwe n'imwe, amamodoka yo mu bubiko n'abashinzwe gutwara imizigo ku cyambu bayobowe na AI, na gahunda z'igerageza za tagisi zitagira umushoferi mu mijyi nka San Francisco na Phoenix. Amasosiyete nka Waymo na Cruise yatanze ingendo ibihumbi za tagisi zitagira umushoferi , bigaragaza ahazaza aho abashoferi ba tagisi n'abashoferi ba Uber/Lyft bashobora kuba badakenewe cyane. Mu gutwara no gutwara, indege zitagira abapilote na robo zo ku muhanda zirimo kugeragezwa kugira ngo zikore ingendo za nyuma, bishobora kugabanya gukenera abatwara ubutumwa. Ndetse n'indege z'ubucuruzi zirimo kugerageza ikoranabuhanga ryiyongera (nubwo indege zitwara abagenzi zishobora kuba ziri kure cyane, niba hari igihe, bitewe n'ibibazo by'umutekano). Kugeza ubu, abashoferi n'abakoresha imodoka bari mu mirimo ishobora gusimburwa na AI . Ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere vuba mu bidukikije bigenzurwa: ububiko bukoresha forklift zitwara zonyine, naho ibyambu bikoresha cranes zikora. Uko ibyo byagezweho byaguka mu mihanda rusange, inshingano nk'umushoferi w'ikamyo, umushoferi wa tagisi, umushoferi utwara imodoka, n'umushoferi utwara imodoka zikora forklift zirimo kugabanuka. Igihe ntikizwi neza - amategeko n'imbogamizi za tekiniki bivuze ko abashoferi b'abantu bataracika - ariko inzira irasobanutse.

Ubuvuzi

Ubuvuzi ni urwego aho ingaruka za AI ku kazi zigoye. Ku ruhande rumwe, AI irimo gukora imirimo imwe n'imwe yo gusesengura no gusuzuma yakorwaga n'inzobere zabigize umwuga. Urugero, sisitemu za AI ubu zishobora gusesengura amashusho y'ubuvuzi (X-rays, MRIs, CT scans) neza cyane. Mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Suwede, inzobere mu by'imitsi ya AI yavumbuye kanseri y'ibere irenga 20% bivuye mu gupima mammography kurusha abaganga babiri bakorana ( Ese AI izasimbura abaganga basoma X-rays, cyangwa izayihindura nziza kurusha mbere hose? | AP News ). Ibi bivuze ko umuganga umwe ufite AI ashobora gukora akazi k'abaganga benshi, bishobora kugabanya gukenera abaganga benshi ba radiyo cyangwa abaganga b'indwara. Abasesenguzi ba laboratwari bakoresha ikoranabuhanga bashobora gukora ibizamini by'amaraso no kugaragaza ibibazo bitari ngombwa nta batekinisiye ba laboratwari bakoresha kuri buri ntambwe. AI irimo kandi gukora ku barwayi basuzuma indwara n'ibibazo by'ibanze - ibitaro bimwe na bimwe bikoresha roboti zigenzura ibimenyetso kugira ngo bimenyeshe abarwayi niba bakeneye kuza, ibyo bishobora kugabanya akazi ku baforomo n'ibigo bishinzwe guhamagara kwa muganga. Imirimo y'ubuyobozi mu by'ubuvuzi irimo gusimburwa cyane cyane: gahunda, kwandika ubuvuzi, no kwishyuza byabonye urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere y'umubiri binyuze muri porogaramu ya AI. Ariko, inshingano zo kwita ku barwayi mu buryo butaziguye ntabwo zigira ingaruka cyane ku bijyanye no gusimbuza. Robot ishobora gufasha mu kubaga cyangwa gufasha kwimura abarwayi, ariko abaforomo, abaganga, n'ababitaho bakora imirimo myinshi igoye kandi yumvikana, AI idashobora kwigana yose uko yakabaye. Nubwo AI ishobora gusuzuma indwara, abarwayi akenshi baba bashaka ko umuganga w'umuntu ayisobanura kandi akayivura. Ubuvuzi buhura n'imbogamizi zikomeye mu by'amahame mbwirizamuco no mu mategeko kugira ngo isimbuze abantu AI burundu. Rero mu gihe imirimo yihariye mu buvuzi (nk'abakora ubucuruzi bw'abaganga, abakora inyandiko, n'inzobere zimwe na zimwe mu gusuzuma indwara) irimo kongerwa cyangwa igasimbuzwa igice cyayo na AI , abahanga benshi mu by'ubuzima babona AI nk'igikoresho cyongerera ubushobozi akazi kabo aho kuba isimbura. Mu gihe kirekire, uko AI igenda itera imbere, ishobora guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye mu isesengura no mu isuzuma risanzwe - ariko kugeza ubu, abantu baracyari ingenzi mu gutanga ubuvuzi.

Muri make, imirimo ishobora gusimburwa na AI ni iyo kurangwa n'imirimo isanzwe, isubiramo hamwe n'ahantu hazwi: abakozi b'inganda, abakozi b'ubwanditsi n'abayobozi, abashinzwe gucunga imitungo, abakozi bashinzwe abakiriya, abashoferi, n'imirimo imwe n'imwe y'umwuga mu rwego rwo hejuru. Mu by'ukuri, ibipimo by'Ihuriro ry'Ubukungu ku Isi mu gihe cya vuba (mu 2027) byashyize abakozi bo kwandika amakuru ku isonga mu myanya y'akazi igabanuka (aho miliyoni 7.5 byitezwe ko izakurwaho), hagakurikiraho abanyamabanga b'ubutegetsi n'abanditsi b'ibaruramari , imirimo yose ishobora kwibasirwa cyane n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ( Imibare 60+ ku mirimo yo gusimbuza AI (2024) ). AI irimo gukwirakwira mu nganda ku muvuduko utandukanye, ariko icyerekezo cyayo kirahindagurika - ikora imirimo yoroshye mu nzego zitandukanye. Igice gikurikiraho kizasuzuma uruhande rutandukanye: imirimo idakunze gusimburwa na AI, n'imico y'abantu irinda iyo mirimo.

Akazi gashoboka cyane gusimburwa/Akazi Atari ko Akazi gashobora gusimburwa n'ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (n'impamvu)

Si akazi kose gafite ibyago byinshi byo kwikora. Mu by’ukuri, imirimo myinshi ntishobora gusimburwa na AI kuko isaba ubushobozi bwihariye bwa muntu cyangwa ikaba ibera ahantu hadasobanutse neza aho imashini zidashobora gukoresha. Uko AI igenda itera imbere, ifite imbogamizi zigaragara mu kwigana ubuhanga bwa muntu, kwishyira mu mwanya w’abandi, no guhuza n’imimerere. Inyigo ya McKinsey yagaragaje ko nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikora ku buryo runaka rizagira ingaruka ku mirimo hafi ya yose, ni ibice by’imirimo aho kuba imirimo yose AI ishobora gukora - bivuze ko imirimo yose ikora ku buryo bwikora izaba ari ikintu kidasanzwe aho kuba itegeko ( AI Replacement Jobs Statistics and Facts [2024*] ). Hano turagaragaza ubwoko bw’imirimo idashobora gusimburwa na AI mu gihe kiri imbere, n’impamvu iyo mirimo "idashobora kwikora ku buryo bwikora":

• Imirimo isaba impuhwe z'abantu n'imikoranire yabo bwite: Imirimo ijyanye no kwita ku bantu, kwigisha, cyangwa kumva abantu ku rwego rw'amarangamutima nta kibazo ifite ku bwenge bwa "AI". Harimo abashinzwe ubuvuzi nk'abaforomo, abaforomo bakuze, n'abavuzi, ndetse n'abarimu, abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, n'abajyanama . Imirimo nk'iyo isaba impuhwe, kubaka umubano, no gusoma ibimenyetso by'imibereho - ahantu imashini zigorana. Urugero, uburezi bw'abana bato bukubiyemo kwita no gusubiza ibimenyetso by'imyitwarire idasobanutse neza nta bwenge bwa "AI" bushobora kwigana. Nk'uko Pew Research ibitangaza, abakozi bagera kuri 23% bakorera mu mirimo isaba abantu kwitabwaho cyane (akenshi mu kwita ku bana, uburezi, nibindi), nko kubarera abana, aho imirimo y'ingenzi (nk'irera umwana) idakora ku buryo bwikora . Muri rusange abantu bakunda gukora ku muntu muri izi nzego: ikoranabuhanga rya "AI" rishobora gusuzuma ihungabana, ariko abarwayi akenshi bashaka kuvugana n'umuhanga mu by'ubuvuzi bw'abantu, atari umuntu uganira n'abandi, ku byiyumvo byabo.

• Imyuga yo guhanga no gushushanya: Akazi gakubiyemo guhanga udushya, umwimerere, n'uburyohe bw'umuco gakunda kwanga imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga. Abanditsi, abahanzi, abacuranzi, abakora filime, abashushanya imideli - aba banyamwuga bakora ibikubiye mu nyandiko bitagenewe gusa gukurikiza uburyo runaka, ahubwo no gushyiramo ibitekerezo bishya n'iby'ubuhanga. Ubuhanga bwo gukora amashusho bushobora gufasha guhanga udushya (urugero, gukora inyandiko zidasobanutse cyangwa ibitekerezo by'ibishushanyo), ariko akenshi nta bw'umwimerere nyakuri n'amarangamutima byimbitse . Nubwo ubuhanzi n'inyandiko byakozwe na AI byashyizwe ku makuru, abahanga mu guhanga udushya baracyafite amahirwe yo gutanga ibisobanuro bihuza n'abandi bantu. Hariho kandi agaciro k'isoko mu buhanzi bwakozwe n'abantu (tekereza ku gukomeza gushishikazwa n'ibintu byakozwe n'intoki nubwo byakozwe ku bwinshi). Ndetse no mu myidagaduro na siporo, abantu bashaka imikorere y'abantu. Nk'uko Bill Gates yabyanditse mu kiganiro giherutse kubyerekeye AI, "Ntituzashaka kureba mudasobwa zikina baseball." ( Bill Gates avuga ko abantu batazakenerwa mu 'bintu byinshi' mu gihe cya AI | EGW.News ) - ibi bisobanuro ni uko ibyishimo bituruka ku bakinnyi b'abantu, kandi mu buryo bwagutse, imirimo myinshi yo guhanga no gukora izakomeza kuba ibikorwa by'abantu.

• Akazi gakubiyemo Akazi k’umubiri kadasobanutse neza mu bidukikije bihindagurika: Hari imirimo imwe n’imwe ikoreshwa mu bikorwa isaba ubuhanga mu mikorere no gukemura ibibazo ako kanya mu buryo butandukanye - ibintu bigoye cyane kuri robots gukora. Tekereza ku myuga y’abahanga nk’abakora amashanyarazi, abavomyi, ababaji, abakanishi , cyangwa abatekinisiye bo kubungabunga indege . Iyi mirimo ikunze kuba ikubiyemo ibidukikije bidahuye (insinga z’inzu zose ziratandukanye gato, ikibazo cyose cyo gusana ni icyabo) kandi isaba ko ihinduka mu buryo bwihuse. Robots zikoreshwa na AI zikora neza mu bidukikije byubatswe neza, nk’inganda, ariko zihanganye n’imbogamizi zitunguranye z’aho kubaka cyangwa inzu y’umukiriya. Rero, abacuruzi n’abandi bakora mu isi ifatika ifite itandukaniro ryinshi ntibashobora gusimburwa vuba. Raporo ku bakoresha banini ku isi yagaragaje ko nubwo abakora ibikoresho biteguye gukora ikoranabuhanga, inzego nka serivisi zo mu murima cyangwa ubuvuzi (urugero, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima mu Bwongereza gifite ingabo z’abaganga n’abaforomo bakora imirimo itandukanye) zikomeje kuba "ahantu habi" kuri robots ( 3 mu bakoresha 10 banini ku isi basimbuza abakozi robots | Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi ). Muri make, imirimo ihumanye, itandukanye kandi idateganyijwe akenshi iracyakeneye umuntu ugaragara mu buryo butunguranye .

• Ubuyobozi bw’Ingamba n’Ifatwa ry’Ibyemezo byo ku rwego rwo hejuru: Inshingano zisaba gufata ibyemezo bigoye, gutekereza neza, no kubazwa ibibazo – nk’abayobozi b’ibigo, abayobozi b’imishinga, n’abayobozi b’ibigo – nta kibazo kirimo mu buryo butaziguye ku buryo bworoshye bwo gusimbuza ubuhanga mu buryo bwa AI. Iyi myanya irimo guhuza ibintu byinshi, gukoresha ubushishozi mu gihe hari ibintu bitazwi, ndetse akenshi no kumvisha abantu no kuganira. Ubuhanga mu by’ubwenge bushobora gutanga amakuru n’ibyifuzo, ariko guha ububasha ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubwenge (AI) kugira ngo rifate ibyemezo bya nyuma mu by’ingenzi cyangwa kuyobora abantu ni intambwe ibigo byinshi (n’abakozi) bititeguye gufata. Byongeye kandi, ubuyobozi akenshi bushingira ku cyizere n’ubuhanga – imico ituruka ku bunararibonye n’uburambe bw’abantu, ntabwo ari uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu by’ubwenge. Nubwo ubuhanga mu by’ubwenge bushobora kugabanya umubare w’abayobozi bakuru, akazi k’umuyobozi mukuru (gushyiraho icyerekezo, gucunga ibibazo, gushishikariza abakozi) karacyari aka muntu ku giti cye kugeza ubu. Ibyo ni ko bigenda no ku bayobozi bakuru ba leta, abashyiraho politiki, n’abayobozi ba gisirikare aho kubazwa no gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bw’amahame ari ingenzi.

Uko ubuhanga bwa AI butera imbere, imbibi z'ibyo bushobora gukora zizahinduka. Inshingano zimwe na zimwe zifatwa nk'izitekanye muri iki gihe zishobora kuzahura n'ibibazo bitewe n'udushya dushya (urugero, sisitemu za AI zigenda zinjira buhoro buhoro mu nzego z'ubuhanzi binyuze mu kwandika umuziki cyangwa kwandika inkuru). Ariko, imirimo yavuzwe haruguru ifite ibintu by'abantu bigoranye kugena: ubwenge bw'amarangamutima, ubuhanga mu gukora ibintu mu buryo butari bwubatswe, gutekereza ku bintu bitandukanye, no guhanga udushya nyabyo. Ibi bikora nk'umuyoboro wo kurinda iyo mirimo. Mu by'ukuri, abahanga bakunze kuvuga ko mu gihe kizaza, imirimo izahinduka aho kuzimira burundu - abakozi bo muri iyi mirimo bazakoresha ibikoresho bya AI kugira ngo barusheho kugira akamaro. Interuro ikunze kuvugwa ivuga ibi: ubuhanga bwa AI ntibuzagusimbura, ariko umuntu ukoresha AI ashobora. Mu yandi magambo, abakoresha AI bashobora gutsinda abatayikoresha, mu nzego nyinshi.

Muri make, imirimo idakunze gusimburwa n'imirimo ya AI/AI idashobora gusimburwa ni iyo isaba kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira: ubwenge bw'imibanire n'amarangamutima (kwita ku bandi, kuganira, ubujyanama), guhanga udushya (ubuhanzi, ubushakashatsi, igishushanyo), kugenda no kugira ubuhanga mu bintu bigoye (imyuga y'ubuhanga, gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa), no gufata ibyemezo mu buryo burambuye (ingamba, ubuyobozi). Nubwo AI izagenda yinjira muri izi nzego nk'umufasha, inshingano z'ingenzi za muntu, kugeza ubu, zirahari. Ikibazo ku bakozi ni ukwibanda ku buhanga AI idashobora kwigana byoroshye - kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi, guhanga udushya, no guhuza n'imimerere - kugira ngo ikomeze kuba ingirakamaro ku mashini.

Ibitekerezo by'impuguke ku hazaza h'akazi

Ntibitangaje ko ibitekerezo bitandukanye, bimwe bihanura impinduka zikomeye ibindi bigashimangira iterambere rirambye. Hano turakusanya amagambo make n'ibitekerezo by'abayobozi b'ibitekerezo, dutanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye:

• Kai-Fu Lee (Impuguke mu bya AI n'Umushoramari): Lee ateganya ko akazi kazakorwa mu buryo bufatika mu myaka makumyabiri iri imbere. : “Mu myaka icumi kugeza kuri makumyabiri, ndatekereza ko tuzaba dufite ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi ka 40 kugeza kuri 50 ku ijana muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika,” ( Kai-Fu Lee Quotes (Umwanditsi wa AI Superpowers) (ipaji ya 6 kuri 9) ). Lee, ufite uburambe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu bya AI (harimo n'imirimo yahoze akora muri Google na Microsoft), yizera ko imirimo myinshi izagerwaho - atari imirimo yo mu nganda cyangwa serivisi gusa, ahubwo n'imirimo myinshi yo mu rwego rw'akazi. Aburira ko ndetse no ku bakozi batarasimburwa burundu, AI “izagabanya agaciro kabo” ifata ibice by'akazi kabo, bishobora kugabanya ububasha bw'abakozi mu biganiro n'imishahara. Iki gitekerezo kigaragaza impungenge ku kwimuka gukabije n'ingaruka za AI ku mibereho y'abaturage, nko kwiyongera k'ubusumbane no gukenera gahunda nshya zo guhugura abakozi.

• Mary C. Daly (Perezida, San Francisco Fed): Daly atanga igitekerezo gishingiye ku mateka y’ubukungu. Avuga ko nubwo ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzabangamira imirimo, ibintu byabanje mu mateka bigaragaza ingaruka zo kuringaniza imikorere mu gihe kirekire. : “Nta ikoranabuhanga mu mateka y’ikoranabuhanga ryose ryigeze rigabanya imirimo kuri interineti,” atwibutsa ko ikoranabuhanga rishya rikunda guhanga ubwoko bushya bw’imirimo nubwo ryasimburaga indi ( Umuyobozi wa SF Fed Reserve Mary Daly mu nama y’ikoranabuhanga ya Fortune Brainstorm: Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina busimbura imirimo, ntabwo ari abantu - San Francisco Fed ). Ashimangira ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bushobora guhindura akazi aho kugakuraho burundu . Daly atekereza ahazaza aho abantu bakorana n’imashini - Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bukora imirimo iruhije, abantu bakibanda ku mirimo ifite agaciro gakomeye - kandi ashimangira akamaro k’uburezi no kongera ubumenyi kugira ngo bifashe abakozi kumenyera. Icyerekezo cye kirimo icyizere cyimbitse: Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina buzongera umusaruro kandi bugatanga ubutunzi, bishobora gutera imbaraga iterambere ry’akazi mu bice dushobora kuba tutaratekereza.

• Bill Gates (Uwashinze Microsoft): Gates yavuze cyane kuri AI mu myaka ya vuba aha, agaragaza ibyishimo n'impungenge. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na we mu 2025, yatanze igitekerezo gikomeye cyafashe imitwe y'amakuru: izamuka rya AI iteye imbere rishobora gusobanura ko "abantu badakenewe mu bintu byinshi" mu gihe kizaza ( Bill Gates avuga ko abantu batazakenerwa mu 'bintu byinshi' mu gihe cya AI | EGW.News ). Gates yavuze ko ubwoko bwinshi bw'imirimo - harimo n'imyuga ihanitse - ishobora gukorwa na AI uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda rikura. Yatanze ingero mu buvuzi n'uburezi , atekereza AI ishobora gukora nk'umuganga cyangwa umwarimu wo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Umuganga "ukomeye" wa AI ashobora kuboneka hose, bishobora kugabanya ubuke bw'inzobere mu bantu. Ibi bivuze ko n'imirimo isanzwe ifatwa nk'ifite umutekano (kubera ko isaba ubumenyi bwinshi n'amahugurwa) ishobora gukosorwa na AI mu gihe. Ariko, Gates yemeye kandi ko abantu bazemera AI mu byo AI idashobora gukora. Yavuze mu buryo busekeje ko nubwo AI ishobora gukina siporo neza kurusha abantu, abantu baracyakunda abakinnyi mu myidagaduro (ntituzishyura kureba amakipe ya baseball ya robo). Muri rusange, Gates aracyafite icyizere - yizera ko ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga “buzarekura abantu” mu bindi bikorwa kandi bigatera umusaruro mwinshi, nubwo sosiyete izakenera gucunga impinduka (bishoboka binyuze mu ngamba nk’ivugurura ry’uburezi cyangwa ndetse n’amafaranga y’ibanze rusange mu gihe habayeho ibura ry’akazi rinini).

• Kristalina Georgieva (Umuyobozi Mukuru wa IMF): Mu bijyanye na politiki n'ubukungu bw'isi, Georgieva yagaragaje imiterere ibiri y'ingaruka za AI. : “AI izagira ingaruka hafi 40 ku ijana by'imirimo hirya no hino ku isi, igasimbuza imwe kandi ikuzuza indi,” mu isesengura rya IMF ( AI Izahindura Ubukungu bw'Isi. Turebe neza ko Ifitiye Abantu Akamaro. ). Agaragaza ko ubukungu buteye imbere bufite imiterere myinshi ya AI (kubera ko igice kinini cy'imirimo gikubiyemo imirimo y'ubuhanga buhanitse AI ishobora gukora), mu gihe ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bishobora kubona ko nta kwimuka vuba. Igitekerezo cya Georgieva ni uko ingaruka za AI ku mirimo zitazwi neza - zishobora kongera umusaruro n'iterambere ku isi, ariko kandi zishobora kwagura ubusumbane niba politiki zidakomeza. We na IMF barasaba ingamba zo gukora: za leta zigomba gushora imari mu burezi, mu mishinga y'umutekano, na gahunda zo kongera ubumenyi kugira ngo inyungu za AI (umusaruro mwinshi, guhanga imirimo mishya mu nzego z'ikoranabuhanga, nibindi) zihuriweho cyane kandi ko abakozi batakaza akazi bashobora guhinduka bakajya mu mirimo mishya. Iki gitekerezo cy'impuguke gishimangira ko nubwo AI ishobora gusimbura imirimo, umusaruro kuri sosiyete uterwa cyane n'uburyo dusubiza.

• Abandi Bayobozi mu Nganda: Abayobozi bakuru benshi b'ikoranabuhanga n'abashaka iby'ejo hazaza nabo batanze ibitekerezo. Urugero, umuyobozi mukuru wa IBM, Arvind Krishna, yavuze ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzagira ingaruka ku "kazi k'abakozi mbere na mbere" , bugahindura akazi mu biro no mu biro by'abanditsi (nk'inshingano za HR IBM irimo koroshya) mbere yuko ijya mu nzego za tekiniki ( IBM igiye guhagarika guha akazi mu mugambi wo gusimbuza akazi 7.800 na AI, nk'uko Bloomberg ibivuga | Reuters ). Muri icyo gihe, Krishna n'abandi bavuga ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga (AI) buzaba igikoresho gikomeye ku banyamwuga - ndetse n'abakora porogaramu bakoresha abafasha b'amakode ya AI kugira ngo bongere umusaruro, bigaragaza ahazaza aho ubufatanye hagati y'abantu na AI ari ikintu gisanzwe mu mirimo y'abahanga aho gusimbuza burundu. Abayobozi mu bijyanye no gutanga serivisi ku bakiliya, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, batekereza ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga (AI) buzaba bushinzwe cyane cyane mu mibanire y'abakiriya, aho abantu bibanda ku bibazo bigoye ( 59 AI client service statistics yo mu 2025 ). Kandi abahanga mu bya rubanda nka Andrew Yang (wamamaje igitekerezo cy'amafaranga y'ibanze ku isi yose) baburiye abashoferi b'amakamyo n'abakozi bo mu bigo bihamagara abantu batakaza akazi, bashyigikira ko sisitemu zo gufasha abaturage zihangana n'ubushomeri bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Mu buryo bunyuranye, abahanga mu bya siyansi nka Erik Brynjolfsson na Andrew McAfee bavuze ku "kinyuranyo cy'umusaruro" - ko inyungu za AI zizaza, ariko gusa hamwe n'abakozi b'abantu bafite inshingano nshya, zitavanwaho. Akenshi bashimangira kongera abakozi ba AI aho gusimbuza benshi, bahimba amagambo nka " abakozi bakoresha AI bazasimbura abatayikoresha ."

Mu by’ukuri, ibitekerezo by’impuguke biratandukanye kuva ku byizere cyane (AI izarema imirimo myinshi kuruta iyo isenya, nk’uko udushya twa kera twabikoze) kugeza ku kwitonda cyane (AI ishobora kwimura igice cy’abakozi kitigeze kibaho, bigasaba impinduka zikomeye). Nyamara ikintu gihuriweho ni uko impinduka ari nta gushidikanya . Imiterere y’akazi izahinduka uko AI igenda irushaho kuba nziza. Impuguke zemeranya ko uburezi n’uburezi buhoraho ari ingenzi - abakozi b’ejo hazaza bazakenera ubumenyi bushya, kandi sosiyete zizakenera politiki nshya. Yaba AI ifatwa nk’ikibazo cyangwa igikoresho, abayobozi mu nganda zose bashimangira ko iki ari cyo gihe cyo kwitegura impinduka izazana ku mirimo. Nkuko turangiza, tuzasuzuma icyo izi mpinduka bivuze ku bakozi bo ku isi n’uburyo abantu ku giti cyabo n’imiryango bashobora kunyura mu nzira iri imbere.

Icyo ibi bisobanura ku bakozi bo ku isi yose

Ikibazo "ni iyihe mirimo AI izasimbura?" nta gisubizo na kimwe gihari, kidahinduka - kizakomeza gutera imbere uko ubushobozi bwa AI bugenda bukura no uko ubukungu bugenda buhinduka. Icyo dushobora kubona ni icyerekezo gisobanutse: AI n'ikoranabuhanga biteganyijwe gukuraho imirimo ya miliyoni mu myaka iri imbere, mu gihe icyarimwe bihanga imirimo mishya kandi bigahindura isanzwe . Ihuriro ry'Ubukungu bw'Isi riteganya ko mu 2027, imirimo igera kuri miliyoni 83 izavanwaho bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga, ariko imirimo mishya miliyoni 69 izavuka mu nzego nko gusesengura amakuru, kwiga imashini, no kwamamaza mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga - ingaruka z'imirimo - miliyoni 14 ku isi ( Imibare n'Ibintu by'Imirimo Gusimbura AI [2024*] ). Mu yandi magambo, hazabaho ihindagurika rikomeye ku isoko ry'umurimo. Imirimo imwe izashira, myinshi izahinduka, kandi imirimo mishya rwose izavuka kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo ubukungu bushingiye kuri AI bukeneye.

Ku bakozi bo ku isi , ibi bivuze ibintu bike by'ingenzi:

• Kongera ubumenyi no kongera ubumenyi ni ngombwa: Abakozi bafite akazi kari mu kaga bagomba guhabwa amahirwe yo kwiga ubumenyi bushya bukenewe. Niba ubuhanga bwa AI buri gufata imirimo isanzwe, abantu bagomba kwibanda ku itari isanzwe. Guverinoma, ibigo by'uburezi, n'amasosiyete byose bizagira uruhare mu koroshya gahunda z'amahugurwa - yaba umukozi wo mu bubiko wimukiye mu nzu yiga gukora robo zo gusana, cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe abakiriya kwiga kugenzura za chatbots za AI. Kwiga ubuzima bwose biteguye kuba ikintu gisanzwe. Ku ruhande rwiza, uko ubuhanga bwa AI bufata umwanya urenze urugero, abantu bashobora guhindura akazi kabanyuze, gahanga, cyangwa kagoye - ariko gusa iyo bafite ubumenyi bwo kubikora.

• Ubufatanye hagati ya Human-AI buzagena imirimo myinshi: Aho kugira ngo habeho gufata ubutegetsi bwa AI burundu, imyuga myinshi izahinduka ubufatanye hagati y’abantu n’imashini zifite ubwenge. Abakozi bazatera imbere bazaba abazi gukoresha AI nk'igikoresho. Urugero, umunyamategeko ashobora gukoresha AI mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku manza z’amategeko ako kanya (akora akazi itsinda ry’abafasha mu by’amategeko ryakoraga), hanyuma agakoresha ubwenge bw’abantu mu gukora ingamba z’amategeko. Umutekinisiye w’uruganda ashobora kugenzura itsinda ry’amarobo. Ndetse n’abarimu bashobora gukoresha abarimu ba AI mu guhindura amasomo mu gihe bibanda ku bujyanama bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ubu buryo bw’ubufatanye busobanura ko ibisobanuro by’akazi bizahinduka - bishimangira kugenzura sisitemu za AI, gusobanura umusaruro wa AI, n’imibanire y’abantu AI idashobora gukemura. Bivuze kandi ko gupima ingaruka z’abakozi atari akazi kabuze cyangwa kabonetse gusa, ahubwo ni akazi kahindutse . Hafi ya buri kazi kazaba gakubiyemo ubufasha bwa AI, kandi guhuza n’ibyo bizaba ingenzi ku bakozi.

• Politiki n'Inkunga y'Imibereho Myiza: Impinduka zishobora kuba zikomeye, kandi zitera ibibazo bya politiki ku rwego rw'isi. Uturere n'inganda zimwe na zimwe bizagerwaho n'ingaruka zikomeye zo gutakaza akazi kurusha utundi (urugero, ubukungu burimo gutera imbere mu nganda bushobora guhura n'ikibazo cyihuse cyo gukoresha imirimo isaba abakozi benshi). Hashobora kuba hakenewe uburyo bukomeye bwo kubungabunga umutekano w'abaturage cyangwa politiki nshya - ibitekerezo nka " Universal Basic Income" (UBI) byavuzwe n'abantu nka Elon Musk na Andrew Yang mu gihe bategereje ubushomeri bushingiye ku buhanga bwa "AI" ( Elon Musk avuga ko "Universal Income Idashoboka: Impamvu atekereza ... ). UBI yaba ari igisubizo cyangwa atari cyo, za leta zizakenera gukurikirana imiterere y'ubushomeri no kongera amafaranga y'ubushomeri, serivisi zo gushyira abantu mu myanya y'akazi, n'inkunga y'uburezi mu nzego zibangamiwe. Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga nabwo bushobora kuba ngombwa, kuko "AI" ishobora kwagura icyuho hagati y'ubukungu bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse n'ubudafite uburyo bwo kubona ikoranabuhanga rihagije. Abakozi bo ku isi bashobora kwimukira mu bihugu bikoresha "AI" (nk'uko inganda zimukiye mu bihugu bihendutse mu myaka yashize). Abashyiraho politiki bazakenera kwemeza ko inyungu z'ubukungu bwa "AI" (umusaruro mwinshi, inganda nshya) ziganisha ku iterambere ryagutse, atari inyungu kuri bake gusa.

• Gushimangira umwihariko w’umuntu: Uko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bugenda buhinduka ibintu bisanzwe, ibintu by’umuntu mu kazi birushaho kugira akamaro. Imico nk’ubuhanga, guhuza n’imimerere, kwishyira mu mwanya w’abandi, guca imanza mu buryo bw’imyitwarire, no gutekereza ku bintu bitandukanye bizaba inyungu igereranywa n’abakozi b’abantu. Inzego z’uburezi zishobora gushingira kuri ubu bumenyi bworoshye hamwe n’ubuhanga bwa STEM. Ubuhanzi n’ubumenyi bw’abantu bishobora kuba ingenzi mu guteza imbere imico ituma abantu badasimburwa. Mu buryo bumwe, iterambere rya AI riri gutuma duhindura imiterere y’akazi mu buryo bw’ibanze ku muntu - guha agaciro atari imikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo no ku mico nk’uburambe bw’abakiriya, udushya mu guhanga udushya, n’imibanire y’amarangamutima, aho abantu barusha abandi.

Mu gusoza, ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga mu by’ubwenge (AI) bugiye gusimbura imwe n’imwe – cyane cyane iyo mu mirimo isanzwe iremereye – ariko kandi bizatanga amahirwe no kongera imirimo myinshi. Ingaruka zizagaragara mu nganda hafi ya zose, kuva ku ikoranabuhanga n’imari kugeza ku nganda, ubucuruzi, ubuvuzi, n’ubwikorezi. Icyerekezo cy’isi yose kigaragaza ko nubwo ubukungu buteye imbere bushobora kubona akazi k’abakozi kagenda gakorwa vuba, ubukungu bukiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bushobora gukomeza guhangana n’imirimo yo gusimbuza imashini imirimo y’amaboko mu nganda no mu buhinzi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Gutegura abakozi kuri izi mpinduka ni ikibazo gikomeye ku isi.

Ibigo bigomba gufata iya mbere mu gukoresha ubuhanga bwa AI mu buryo buboneye kandi bw'ubwenge - kuyikoresha mu guha abakozi babo ubushobozi, atari ukugabanya ikiguzi gusa. Abakozi, ku ruhande rwabo, bagomba gukomeza kugira amatsiko no gukomeza kwiga, kuko guhuza n'imimerere bizaba ari wo mutekano wabo. Kandi sosiyete muri rusange igomba guteza imbere imyumvire iha agaciro ubufatanye hagati ya AI n'abantu: kubona AI nk'igikoresho gikomeye cyo kongera umusaruro n'imibereho myiza y'abantu, aho kuba ikibazo ku mibereho y'abantu.

Abakozi b'ejo hazaza bashobora kuba aho guhanga udushya kw'abantu, kwita ku bandi, no gutekereza ku buryo bw'ingamba bikorana n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano - ahazaza ikoranabuhanga rizamura umurimo w'abantu aho kuwuhindura ubusa. Impinduka zishobora kuba zitari zoroshye, ariko hamwe n'imyiteguro n'amahame akwiye, abakozi bo ku isi yose bashobora kugaragara bakomeye kandi bakagira umusaruro mwinshi muri iki gihe cya AI.

Ingingo ushobora gukunda gusoma nyuma y'iyi nyandiko:

🔗 Ibikoresho 10 bya mbere byo gushakisha akazi ka AI – Guhindura uburyo bwo guha akazi.
Menya ibikoresho byiza bya AI byo gushaka akazi byihuse, kunoza porogaramu, no kubona akazi.

🔗 Inzira z'Umwuga w'Ubwenge bw'Ubukorano - Akazi keza muri AI n'uko watangira.
Suzuma amahirwe meza y'akazi ya AI, ubumenyi bukenewe, n'uburyo bwo gutangiza inzira yawe muri AI.

🔗 Akazi k'Ubwenge bw'Ubukorano - Akazi kariho ubu n'ejo hazaza h'akazi k'ubukorano bw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano.
Sobanukirwa uburyo ubukorano bw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano burimo kuvugurura isoko ry'umurimo n'aho amahirwe y'ejo hazaza ari mu nganda z'ubukorano bw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano.