Ese abapilote bazasimburwa na AI?

Ufite ubwoba? Ufite amatsiko? Wenda wiringira mu ibanga ko hari aho abapilote bazagenda neza? Ntabwo uri wenyine. Igitekerezo cy'uko indege zishobora kuguruka ubwazo umunsi umwe giteye ihumure kandi kidasobanutse neza - nko kwiringira isafuriya yishyiramo ikase kugira ngo idatera isupu ahantu hose. Reka turebere hamwe, hamwe n'isesengura ry'abantu mbere na mbere, rishingiye ku masoko, rikomeza gutuma ibintu bihora bisanzwe. Amaherezo, uzaba usobanukiwe neza aho ibintu bihagaze mu by'ukuri, ibiri hafi, ndetse niba ikibazo cyose kijyanye n'uko abapilote bazasimburwa na AI cyateguwe neza.

Ingingo ushobora gukunda gusoma nyuma y'iyi:

🔗 Ese ubuhanga mu by'ububaji (AI) buzasimbura abacungamari
Gusuzuma ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga ku mirimo y'ibaruramari n'ibikenewe mu gihe kizaza.

🔗 Ese ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzasimbura ikiganiro nyacyo cy’abasesenguzi b’amakuru
Gusuzuma uruhare rwa AI mu gusesengura amakuru no kuringaniza ubumenyi bw'abantu.

🔗 Ese abahanga mu bya porogaramu bazasimburwa na AI?
Ibisobanuro ku bikoresho byo kwandika ikoranabuhanga rya AI n'inshingano z'abakora porogaramu zigenda zihinduka.

Icyo uzagenda uzi 🧭

• Igisubizo kigufi cyane cy'uko Will Pilots yasimbuzwa AI

• Icyo ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu byumba by'abapfumu (AI) ari cyo cyiza (n'icyo atari cyo)

• Uko abashinzwe kugenzura no gucunga umutekano babibona mu by'ukuri

• Ikoranabuhanga ry'uyu munsi ushobora gukoresha ugereranije n'igerageza ry'ejo hazaza

• Ibitekerezo bidasanzwe: umupilote umwe, umuvuduko wo ku butaka, ibivange

• Impamvu imizigo izabanza gutwarwa mbere y'abagenzi

• Umutwe w'abantu: imvange y'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu, ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwa rutura, kugenzura icyuho

• Imbonerahamwe y'igereranya idasobanutse neza ushobora kureba ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu

Igisubizo kigufi gisobanutse neza 🧪

Ntabwo ari mu ndege zitwara abagenzi vuba aha. Amategeko ya Amerika ashingiye ku gice cya 121 arasobanutse: ukeneye nibura abapilote babiri - kapiteni hamwe n'umusirikare mukuru. Ibyo si igitekerezo, byanditswe mu mategeko [1]. Hagati aho, Uburayi bwakoze inyigo zikomeye ku bikorwa by'abakozi barembye (eMCO) na Single-Pilot Ops (SiPO). Umwanzuro wabo bwite? Hamwe n'ibikoresho by'indege biriho ubu, ntibashobora kwerekana ko umutekano ari nk'uw'abakozi babiri . Ibyo ni ukuvugira amategeko: oya, ntabwo ari [2].

Icyitonderwa: iyo bavuze "urwego rungana rw'umutekano," baba bashaka kuvuga ko uburyo bwo gukora porogaramu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bugomba nibura guhuza n'ingaruka z'umutekano z'abapilote babiri - harimo n'igihe habayeho amakosa adasanzwe, adasobanutse neza, ariko afite ingaruka nyinshi.

Impamvu ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu byumba by'abagororwa bushobora gufasha 🚀

Iyo abantu bumvise "AI pilot," batekereza kuri android ifite ingofero ya kapiteni. Abashinzwe kugenzura ntibabibona muri ubwo buryo. Bafata AI nk'ibikoresho bya porogaramu , bigomba kunyura mu bwishingizi bw'umutekano nk'izindi sisitemu zose z'ingenzi. Iyo bikozwe gutyo, agaciro kabyo karasobanutse:

• Imirimo iragenda neza mu bihe bikomeye, ishishikariza abapilote kugera ku bintu by'ingenzi.

• Guhuza ibintu n'amatangazo bituma ibintu bito bito bigabanuka iyo ibintu bibangamira abantu byinshi.

• Ubuhanga buhanitse mu mirimo isanzwe - umuvuduko, uburebure, ingufu - kugira ngo imikorere idahindagurika.

• Uburyo bwo kwirinda bushobora kugaragara hakiri kare kandi bugatanga ibisubizo bisukuye kandi bisanzwe.

Mu by'ukuri, iyo ikoranabuhanga ryikora neza kandi abapilote bahuguwe neza, bumva ari nk'ubumaji. Iyo ari amayobera cyangwa akoreshejwe nabi, aba ameze nk'umugeri utegereje kugutesha umutwe. Uwo muvuduko ni wo ugena umukino wose.

Amabwiriza, gahunda z'ibikorwa, n'igenzura ry'ukuri 🧱

• Abapilote babiri baracyari itegeko mu bigo by’indege bya Amerika hakurikijwe Igice cya 121. Igihe [1].

• Isuzuma rya EASA ku mishinga y’umupilote umwe ryagaragaje icyuho kitagaragara: uburyo bwo kumenya ikibazo cy’umupilote gitunguranye, ni nde ugenzura iki, guhangana n’izamuka ry’umubyigano w’akazi, no guhangana n’ibibazo bidasanzwe. Icyemezo cyabo: kungana k’umutekano ntibiragaragazwa [2].

• Igitekerezo cya FAA ku bijyanye n’ubukorano bw’ubwenge (AI) kirasobanutse neza: ntugahindure ubumuntu . Fata ubukorano bw’ubwenge nk'igikoresho, shyiramo witonze, ubwumvishe neza mu buryo busanzwe. Ubwo buryo busobanutse butuma inshingano zigenda neza [3].

Niba waraje wibwira ko igisubizo cyari "yego, abapilote bazashira vuba," ibi birashoboka ko biteye ubwoba. Ingendo z'indege zigenda gusa ku muvuduko udashobora gukingirwa n'umutekano.

Ni irihe koranabuhanga ushobora gukoresha uyu munsi 🧩

Sisitemu nyinshi zisanzwe zikora:

• Garmin Emergency Autoland (GA + indege zoroheje) : irafata ubutegetsi ikagwa iyo umupilote atabishoboye. Yemejwe kuva mu 2020, ubu ikwirakwira mu moko yose. Yarokoye ubuzima - ariko iracyari nk'inyongera, ntabwo ari iyisimbura [4].

• Igerageza rya Airbus DragonFly : tagisi yikora, guhindura indege mu buryo bwikora, no gufasha kugwa ku ndege nini. Byavuzwe ko ari ugufasha umupilote, ntabwo ari ugusimbura.

• Kwirinda impanuka neza + imenyesha : imenyesha rike ribuza ibintu, ibimenyetso bya mbere, amabwiriza asobanutse neza. Byose byongera, ntabwo ari ukugabanya .

Umupilote umwe, umutabazi wo ku butaka, n'ibice bya puzzle byabuze 🧩🧩

Nta swichi yo gucana/kuzimya ihari hano - bisa n'igipimo cyo gusliding:

• Umupilote umwe + Automation : kongera gukwirakwiza imirimo ya kabiri kuri porogaramu na porogaramu z'igenzura. Bisa neza kuri slide; ukuri guhanganye n'ibibazo bitunguranye no kwiyongera k'umubyigano w'akazi [2].

• Umupilote umwe + Umukozi wo ku butaka : umupilote umwe uri mu bwato, umuhanga mu kugenzura ingendo nyinshi. Mu by'ukuri, ni byiza. Mu bikorwa? Bikora gusa iyo ubutumwa buhamye, guhererekanya ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, kandi imitwaro myinshi icungwa. Abantu si robots, haba mu cyumba cy'indege cyangwa intebe yo ku butaka.

• Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi : FAA ikomeje gushimangira inshingano no kwemeza ibintu mu buryo bwihuse , aho kuba ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro bya "bagenzi ba AI" [3].

Niba rero ucyibaza niba aba bafatwa nk' "abapilote basimbura abapilote ba AI" - ni uko gusa bashobora kunganya umutekano w'abapilote babiri mu bihe bidasanzwe kandi bivanze . Ibyo ni ibintu birebire cyane.

Banza utwake imizigo 📦✈️

Ntibitangaje cyane kugerageza kwigenga ku ndege zitwara imizigo . Hari imishinga myinshi irimo gushaka icyemezo cy’ubwigenga bwo kuva ku irembo kugera ku rindi hamwe n’umuntu ugenzura (uri kure cyangwa uri mu ndege). Tekereza: gusubizwa imirimo y’abapilote, gukoresha sensor nyinshi, no kugabanya inzira witonze.

Ibintu by'abantu: ihindagurika 🧠

Kwikora ni byiza cyane mu gukumira amakosa - kandi ni byiza cyane mu gukora andi mashya. Imitego ibiri igaruka kenshi:

• Urujijo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga no guhindagurika kw'ibitekerezo : Hari igihe abakozi basobanura nabi icyo sisitemu ikora mu by'ukuri. Kosora = igishushanyo mbonera gisobanutse neza + amahugurwa ajyanye no kumenya uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga.

• Ubuhanga buragabanuka : Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwihuta mu ndege butuma amaguru aguruka neza. FAA yanatanze amatangazo yibutsa ibigo by'indege gukomeza gukoresha ubuhanga bwo gukora intoki neza [5].

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, gutwara indege mu ndege mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi biracyari kimwe mu bintu byizewe abantu bakora. Kuki? Kubera ko umutekano ugizwe n’ibice bitandukanye: abantu, ikoranabuhanga, n’imikorere bihurirana nk’intwaro.

Interlude y'ikigereranyo mbi gato 🌧️🛫

Gutwara indege ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ni nko kugira umutaka mwiza wihengamira, ugahagarika imiyaga, wenda ukagutera umukororombya. Ariko hari igihe umuyaga ujya ku ruhande kandi - yego - uracyakeneye amaboko. Abapilote ni bo maboko. (Sawa, wenda ni ikigereranyo kidasobanutse neza, ariko gikora neza bihagije.)

Imbonerahamwe y'igereranya ry'ibintu bidasobanutse neza 🧮

(Kuko ukuri kudakunze kugaragara neza mu mbonerahamwe.)

Ni iki cyahinduka mbere yuko abapilote bake batwara indege yawe? 🧩

• Yagaragaje umutekano ungana cyangwa mwiza mu bihe bidasanzwe. Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje - amakuru .

• Uburyo bwikora busobanutse neza bufite uburyo bwo kumenya uburyo busobanutse neza hamwe yo kudakora neza .

• Uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa/umutekano wa interineti wakomereye ku bikoresho byose biri kure.

• Uburyo bwo kubazwa + inzira zo kwemeza abategetsi bizera [3].

• Amahugurwa atuma ubuhanga mu maboko bukomeza kubaho , atari ugukanda buto gusa [5].

• Ubwishingizi bwa Leta + bwakirwa nyuma y'ibivuzwe haruguru - ntabwo ari mbere.

• Guhuza isi yose kugira ngo ukwambuka umupaka umwe bitabangamira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.

Ishusho nini y'umutekano 📈

Iterambere ry'indege mu byiciro - ikoranabuhanga, abantu, n'imikorere bikingirana. Niyo mpamvu impinduka ziza buhoro buhoro kandi zigahoraho. Mu gihe cya vuba? Tegereza ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imbaraga z'umupilote , ntabwo ari intebe zirimo ubusa imbere.

None se… Ese abapilote bazasimburwa n'ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina? 🧩

Ikibazo cyiza kurushaho: Ni iyihe mirimo igomba gukorwa mu buryo bwikora, ryari, kandi ikurikije ibihe bimenyetso by'umutekano - mu gihe abantu bayobora? FAA iraburira mu buryo bufatika kwirinda gukoresha ubuhanga bwa AI nk'umuntu. Gahunda yabo ibivuga nk'ibikoresho byizewe , ntabwo ari "roboti zikora nka bote" [3].

Rero inzira ni iyi: ubufasha bwinshi, bugeragerezwa mu mizigo, bugenda bwimukira abagenzi buhoro buhoro iyo bubonye uburenganzira. Umupilote ntazimira - ahindura yerekeza ku buyobozi, gufata icyemezo, no kwihangana.

Umwanzuro 💬

Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu byumba by'abapilote si ubumaji kandi si ubupfu. Ni ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura bugomba kwigaragaza binyuze mu gutanga icyemezo n'amahugurwa. Ku bagenzi, bivuze ko hagomba kubaho uburyo bwinshi bwo gufasha mu mutekano mbere na mbere, imyanya irimo ubusa ntibikabeho (nibura si vuba). Ku bapilote, bivuze guhinduka abayobozi b'ubuhanga mu gihe bakomeza kuguruka n'intoki. Bikore neza, maze ikibazo kigira kiti “Ese ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina buzasimbura abapilote?” kirashira, kuko ukuri kurashishikaje: abapilote hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryizewe kandi ryikora ku buryo bworoshye bituma indege zirushaho kuba nziza.

TL;DR 🧳

• Oya , AI ntabwo izasimbura abapilote b'indege vuba aha.

• Yego , ikoranabuhanga rikora mu buryo bwikora rikomeje kuza - witonze, nta gushidikanya.

• Imizigo ibanza, abagenzi bakaza nyuma , nyuma y’uko ibimenyetso by’umutekano bibonetse.

• Abantu baguma ku murongo , kuko guca imanza no kugenzurana atari amahitamo.

Amareferensi

[1] FAA (14 CFR §121.385 - Itsinda ry'abakozi bo mu ndege). Ibiro bya Leta ya Amerika bishinzwe gutangaza ibitabo. https://www.govinfo.gov/link/cfr/14/121?link-type=pdf§ionnum=385&year=mostrecent

[2] EASA (eMCO-SiPO Extended Minimum Crew Operations). Incamake y'urupapuro rw'incamake. https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/research-projects/emco-sipo-extended-minimum-crew-operations-single-pilot-operations-safety-risk

[3] FAA (Inzira yo Gutanga Ubuhamya ku Mutekano w'Ubuhanga bw'Ubukorano). “Irinde Guhindura Umuntu: Fata Ubuhanga bwo Kurwanya Indwara nk'igikoresho, ntabwo ari umuntu.” https://www.faa.gov/media/82891

[4] Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ku ndege ya Piper (Ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2020). Indege ya mbere ifite ibikoresho bya Garmin Autoland izahabwa icyemezo cya FAA (M600/SLS). https://cutteraviation.com/2020/05/first-garmin-autoland-equipped-aircraft-to-receive-type-certification/

[5] FAA SAFO 13002 - Imikorere y'indege n'intoki. Itera inkunga yo gukomeza gukoresha ubuhanga bwo gutwara indege n'intoki. https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/SAFO13002.pdf

Shaka ubuhanga bwa AI bugezweho mu iduka ryemewe rya AI Assistant Store

Ku bijyanye natwe