Porogaramu ya mudasobwa ya AI ni iki?

Porogaramu ya mudasobwa ya AI ni iki?

Urufatiro rukomeye ruhindura urwo rujijo mo imikorere ishoboka. Muri iyi nyandiko, turasobanura icyo urufatiro rwa porogaramu ya AI ari cyo , impamvu ari ingenzi, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo umwe utibajije uko ubyifuza buri minota itanu. Fata ikawa; komeza ufunguye. ☕️

Ingingo ushobora gukunda gusoma nyuma y'iyi:

🔗 Kwiga imashini ugereranije n'ubwenge bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) ni iki?
Sobanukirwa itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya sisitemu zo kwigira imashini n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano.

🔗 Ni iki gisobanuro cy'ubukorano bw'ubwenge (AI)?
Menya uburyo ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina busobanuka neza butuma moderi zigoye zigaragara kandi zumvikana.

🔗 Roboti ikoresha imiterere y'umubiri (AI) ni iki?
Suzuma ikoranabuhanga rya AI rikoresha robo nk'iz'abantu n'imyitwarire ihuriweho.

🔗 Urusobe rw'imitsi muri AI ni iki?
Menya uburyo imiyoboro y'ubwonko yigana ubwonko bw'umuntu kugira ngo ikore amakuru.

Porogaramu ya mudasobwa ya AI ni iki? Igisubizo kigufi 🧩

Porogaramu ya AI ni urusobe rw’amasomero, ibice bya porogaramu, ibikoresho n’amabwiriza bigufasha kubaka, guhugura, gusuzuma no gukoresha imashini mu kwiga cyangwa imashini mu buryo bwimbitse vuba kandi bwizewe. Ni isomero rirenze rimwe. Tekereza nk'aho ari ahantu hafite ibitekerezo biguha:

  • Ibisobanuro by'ibanze ku miterere y'ingufu, imiterere, ibipimo, cyangwa imiyoboro

  • Gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bwikora no kunoza imibare

  • Imiyoboro y'amakuru yinjira n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya amakuru mbere y'igihe

  • Imirongo y'amahugurwa, ibipimo, n'igenzura

  • Gukorana n'ibikoresho byihutisha ibintu nka GPU n'ibikoresho byihariye

  • Gupakira, gutanga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no gukurikirana igerageza

Niba isomero ari igikoresho, imiterere yaryo ni ikigo cy’amahugurwa - gifite amatara, intebe, n’icyuma gikora amabaraza, uzitwaza ko udakeneye… kugeza igihe uzabikora. 🔧

Uzabona nsubiramo interuro nyayo icyo porogaramu ya mudasobwa ikora kuri mudasobwa ari cyo inshuro nke. Ibyo ni ukubigambiriye, kuko ni ikibazo abantu benshi bandika iyo bazimiye mu buryo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho.

 

Porogaramu ya AI (AI)

Ni iki gituma porogaramu nziza ya AI iba nziza? ✅

Dore urutonde rugufi nifuza iyo nza gutangira ku rundi ruhande:

  • Ergonomics nziza - APIs nziza, imiterere y'ibanze, ubutumwa bw'amakosa bw'ingirakamaro

  • Imikorere - kernels zihuse, mixed precision, graph compilation cyangwa JIT aho bifasha

  • Ubujyakuzimu bw'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima - ahantu ho gushushanya, amasomo, uburemere bwateguwe mbere, guhuza

  • Uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga - inzira zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga nka ONNX, igihe cyo gukoresha telefoni cyangwa intera, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha kontineri

  • Uburyo bwo kwitegereza - ibipimo, kwandika, gusesengura, gukurikirana igerageza

  • Gushobora kwaguka - GPU nyinshi, imyitozo ikwirakwizwa, serivisi yo gupima

  • Ubuyobozi - ibiranga umutekano, verisiyo, amateka, n'inyandiko zitagutera kwibeshya

  • Umuryango n'ubuzima burambye - abashinzwe kubungabunga ibikorwa, gukoresha ibintu mu buryo bufatika, igenamigambi ryizewe

Iyo ibyo bice bikanda, wandika kode nkeya hanyuma ugakora ubuhanga nyabwo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Icyo ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi. 🙂

Ubwoko bw'amaframework uzahura na yo 🗺️

Si buri framework igerageza gukora byose. Tekereza mu byiciro:

  • Uburyo bwo kwigira bwimbitse : tensor ops, autodiff, neural nets

    • PyTorch, TensorFlow, JAX

  • Imiterere ya ML isanzwe : imiyoboro, guhindura imiterere, ibigereranyo

    • scikit-learn, XGBoost

  • Imiterere y'icyitegererezo n'udukingirizo twa NLP : moderi zateguwe mbere, tokenizers, gutunganya neza

    • Transformers zo mu maso zihoberana

  • Igihe cyo gutanga no kwemeza : uburyo bwo kohereza neza

    • ONNX Runtime, Seriveri y'inyongera ya NVIDIA Triton, Ray Serve

  • MLOps & ubuzima : gukurikirana, gupakira, imiyoboro, CI kuri ML

    • MLflow, Kubeflow, Apache Airflow, Prefect, DVC

  • Edge & mobile : utumenyetso duto tw'ibirenge, tworoshye gukoresha ibikoresho

    • TensorFlow Lite, Core ML

  • Gahunda z'ibyago n'imiyoborere : inzira n'igenzura, ntabwo ari amategeko

    • Gahunda yo gucunga ibyago ya NIST AI

Nta kipe n'imwe ikwiriye buri kipe. Nta kibazo.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: amahitamo azwi cyane mu buryo bwihuse 📊

Harimo n'ibintu bito bidasanzwe kuko ubuzima busanzwe burangwa n'akajagari. Ibiciro birahinduka, ariko ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi ni ibya buri wese.

Igikoresho / Agapande Ibyiza kuri Igiciro gikwiye Impamvu bikora
PyTorch Abashakashatsi, abashakashatsi ba Pythonic Isoko ifunguye Imbonerahamwe zihindagurika zisa n'izisanzwe; ni umuryango munini. 🙂
TensorFlow + Keras Umusaruro ku rwego rwo hejuru, uhuza urubuga Isoko ifunguye Uburyo bwo gukoresha imbonerahamwe, TF Serving, TF Lite, ibikoresho bikomeye.
JAX Abakoresha ingufu, imikorere ihinduka Isoko ifunguye Gukusanya XLA, ubuhanga bwo kubara neza.
kwiga ML isanzwe, amakuru y'imbonerahamwe Isoko ifunguye Imiyoboro, ibipimo, API y'igereranya irakanda gusa.
XGBoost Amakuru yubatswe neza, atsinda ibipimo ngenderwaho Isoko ifunguye Kongera imbaraga mu buryo busanzwe akenshi bitsinda.
Transformers zo mu maso zihoberana NLP, kureba, gukwirakwiza hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugera ku rubuga Akenshi ifunguye Moderi zateguwe mbere + tokenizers + docs, wow.
Igihe cyo gukora cya ONNX Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, imiterere ivanze Isoko ifunguye Kohereza ibicuruzwa rimwe, bikorane vuba ku bice byinshi by'inyuma. [4]
MLflow Gukurikirana igerageza, gupakira Isoko ifunguye Kongera gukosorwa, iyandikwa ry'icyitegererezo, API zoroshye.
Ray + Ray Serve Amahugurwa atangwa + serivisi Isoko ifunguye Ipima imirimo ya Python; ikora micro-batching.
NVIDIA Triton Igitekerezo cy'umusaruro mwinshi Isoko ifunguye Imiterere myinshi, guhuza ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika, GPU.
Kubeflow Imiyoboro ya Kubernetes ML Isoko ifunguye Kugeza ku mpera kuri K8, rimwe na rimwe biragoye ariko bikomeye.
Itera ry'umwuka cyangwa Perefe Gutunganya imyitozo yawe Isoko ifunguye Guteganya, kongera kugerageza, kugaragara. Birakora neza.

Niba wifuza ibisubizo by'umurongo umwe: PyTorch yo gukora ubushakashatsi, TensorFlow yo gukora ibintu mu gihe kirekire, scikit-learn yo gukora urutonde, ONNX Runtime yo gutwara ibintu, MLflow yo gukurikirana. Nzasubira inyuma nyuma nibiba ngombwa.

Munsi y'ibanga: uburyo frameworks zikoresha imibare yawe ⚙️

Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwiga byimbitse buhuza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

  1. Tensors - urutonde rw'ibipimo byinshi rufite amategeko agenga aho igikoresho gishyirwa n'uburyo gikoreshwa.

  2. Autodiff - itandukaniro rya reverse-mode kugira ngo ubare gradients.

  3. Ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa - uburyo bwa "dairy mode" vs "graphed mode" vs "JIT compilation".

  • PyTorch ikoresha uburyo bwa "quiet execution" kandi ishobora gukora imbonerahamwe ikoresheje torch.compile kugira ngo ihuze imikorere no kwihutisha ibintu hamwe n'impinduka nke za kode. [1]

  • TensorFlow ikora cyane nk'uko bisanzwe kandi ikoresha tf.function kugira ngo ishyire Python mu mashusho y'uruhererekane rw'amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye, akenewe mu kohereza SavedModel kandi akenshi anoza imikorere. [2]

  • JAX ikoresha uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu nk'ibisanzwe nka jit , grad , vmap , na pmap , ikabikusanya binyuze muri XLA kugira ngo byihutishwe kandi bihuzwe. [3]

Aha niho imikorere ibera: utunyangingo, imikoranire, imiterere y'ububiko, ubuziranenge buvanze. Si ubumaji - ahubwo ni ubuhanga busa n'ubumaji gusa. ✨

Imyitozo vs inference: siporo ebyiri zitandukanye 🏃♀️🏁

  • Amahugurwa ashimangira umusaruro uva mu bikorwa no guhagarara neza. Urashaka ikoreshwa ryiza, uburinganire bw'imibare, n'ingamba zikwirakwizwa.

  • Inference ikurikirana gutinda, ikiguzi, n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka. Urashaka gukusanya, gupima, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no guhuza abakora.

Guhuza ibikorwa ni ingenzi hano:

  • ONNX ikora nk'uburyo busanzwe bwo guhanahana amakuru; ONNX Runtime ikoresha moderi ziturutse ku nkomoko nyinshi muri CPU, GPU, n'izindi accelerators hamwe n'imibanire y'indimi ku mishinga isanzwe y'ibikorwa. [4]

Gupima, gukata no gusya akenshi bitanga intsinzi nini. Rimwe na rimwe bitangaje cyane - bisa n'uburiganya, nubwo atari ko bimeze. 😉

Umudugudu wa MLOps: urenze urwego rw'ibanze 🏗️

Ndetse n'imbonerahamwe nziza cyane yo kubara ntabwo izakiza ubuzima bw'umuntu mu buryo butunguranye. Amaherezo uzakenera:

  • Gukurikirana igerageza no kwiyandikisha : tangira na MLflow kugira ngo ushyiremo ibipimo, ibipimo, n'ibindi bikoresho; kwamamaza ukoresheje ububiko

  • Imiyoboro n'uburyo bwo gutunganya imikorere : Kubeflow kuri Kubernetes, cyangwa abakora muri rusange nka Airflow na Prefect

  • Guhindura amakuru : DVC ikomeza gukoresha amakuru n'imideli hamwe na kode

  • Ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha : Amashusho ya Docker na Kubernetes kugira ngo habeho ahantu hashobora gupimwa kandi hashobora kwaguka

  • Imiterere y'icyitegererezo : mbere yo kwitoza hanyuma ukarushaho gukora neza birusha Greenfield kenshi

  • Igenzura : gutinda, guhindagurika, no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho iyo bigeze ku musaruro

Inkuru y'ingenzi: itsinda rito ry'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti ryashakaga "ikindi gikorwa cyo kugerageza" buri munsi, hanyuma ntiryibuka icyo ryakoresheje. Bongeyeho MLflow n'itegeko ryoroshye "kwamamaza gusa uhereye ku iyandikisha". Mu buryo butunguranye, isuzuma rya buri cyumweru ryari rijyanye n'ibyemezo, ntabwo ari iby'ubushakashatsi bwa kera. Icyitegererezo kigaragara hose.

Gukorana neza no gutwara abantu: komeza ufunguye amahitamo yawe 🔁

Gufungana birushaho kwiyongera bucece. Irinde ko byakorwa uteganya:

  • Inzira zo kohereza hanze : ONNX, SavedModel, TorchScript

  • Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora : ONNX Runtime, TF Lite, Core ML kuri telefoni cyangwa impande

  • Gushyira mu bubiko : imiyoboro y'ubwubatsi itegereka hamwe n'amashusho ya Docker

  • Gukorera kutagira aho ubogamiye : kwakira PyTorch, TensorFlow, na ONNX iruhande bigufasha kugumana ukuri

Guhindura urwego rwo gutanga cyangwa gukusanya icyitegererezo cy'igikoresho gito byagombye kuba ikibazo, ntabwo ari uguhindura.

Kwihutisha ibikoresho no kubipima: bikora vuba nta gucika intege ⚡️

  • GPU ziganje mu mirimo rusange y’imyitozo bitewe na kernels zikozwe neza cyane (tekereza kuri cuDNN).

  • Amahugurwa akwirakwizwa agaragara iyo GPU imwe idashobora gukomeza gukorana na yo: uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru, uburyo bwo guhuza icyitegererezo, uburyo bwo guhuza amashusho.

  • Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buvanze buzigama umwanya n'ubwizigame, ariko ubuziranenge bugabanuka cyane iyo bukoreshejwe neza.

Hari igihe kode yihuta cyane ari kode utanditse: koresha moderi zateguwe mbere hanyuma uhitemo neza. Mu by'ukuri. 🧠

Ubuyobozi, umutekano, n'ibyago: si impapuro gusa 🛡️

Kohereza ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu bigo nyabyo bivuze gutekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:

  • Urutonde rw'amakuru : aho amakuru yaturutse, uko yatunganyijwe, n'uburyo bw'icyitegererezo bugaragara

  • Kongera gukosorwa : imiterere y'ibintu by'ingenzi, ububiko bw'ibintu byakozwe mu buryo bwa pinned, ububiko bw'ibintu by'ubukorikori

  • Gutanga amakuru mu mucyo no kuyandika : amakarita y'icyitegererezo n'amakuru

  • Gucunga ibyago : Urwego rwa NIST AI rutanga gahunda ifatika yo gushushanya, gupima no kuyobora sisitemu zizerwa za AI mu buzima bwose. [5]

Ibi si amahitamo mu nzego zigenzurwa. Ndetse no hanze yabyo, birinda guhurira mu buryo buteye urujijo no guhura mu buryo buteye ubwoba.

Uko wahitamo: urutonde rw'ibyemezo byihuse 🧭

Niba ugikomeje kureba ku ma tabu atanu, gerageza ibi:

  1. Ururimi rw'ibanze n'inkomoko y'ikipe

    • Itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi rya Python: tangira na PyTorch cyangwa JAX

    • Ubushakashatsi n'umusaruro bivanze: TensorFlow na Keras ni ikintu cyiza

    • Isesengura rya kera cyangwa kwibanda ku rutonde rw'ibitabo: scikit-learn hamwe na XGBoost

  2. Intego yo kohereza abantu mu mahanga

    • Igipimo cy'ibicu ku gipimo: ONNX Runtime cyangwa Triton, kiri mu bubiko

    • Telefoni cyangwa ikoreshwa: TF Lite cyangwa Core ML

  3. Ibikenewe ku gipimo

    • GPU imwe cyangwa ikigo cy'akazi: imiterere iyo ari yo yose ikomeye ya DL irakora

    • Amahugurwa akwirakwijwe: genzura ingamba zubatswemo cyangwa ukoreshe Ray Train

  4. Imikurire ya MLOps

    • Iminsi ya mbere: MLflow yo gukurikirana, amashusho ya Docker yo gupakira

    • Itsinda rishinzwe iterambere: ongeramo Kubeflow cyangwa Airflow/Prefect ku miyoboro

  5. Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yimurwe

    • Gahunda yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri ONNX no gutanga serivisi zidafite aho zibogamiye

  6. Imyitwarire mu kaga

    • Huza ubuyobozi bwa NIST, inyandiko z'umuryango, isuzuma ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko [5]

Niba ikibazo kiri mu mutwe wawe gikomeje kuba ikijyanye na porogaramu ya AI , ni amahitamo menshi atuma ibyo bintu by'urutonde birambirana. Kurambirana ni byiza.

Ibintu bisanzwe by'amayobera n'imigani yoroheje 😬

  • Ikinyoma: urwego rumwe rubigenga byose. Ukuri: muzavanga mugahuza. Ibyo ni byiza.

  • Ikinyoma: umuvuduko w'imyitozo ni cyo kintu cyose. Ikiguzi cy'isuzuma n'ubwizerwe akenshi ni ingenzi cyane.

  • Ndabyumva: kwibagirwa imiyoboro y'amakuru. Injira nabi ribuza moderi nziza. Koresha ibikoresho byo gushyiramo amakuru neza no kwemeza amakuru.

  • Ndabyumva: gusimbuka gukurikirana igerageza. Uzibagirwa irushanwa ryari ryiza kurusha ayandi. Ejo hazaza - uzarakara.

  • Ikinyoma: ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwikora. Hari igihe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze bitagenda neza ku buryo bwihariye. Gerageza hakiri kare.

  • Ndabona: MLOps zakozwe mu buryo burenze urugero vuba cyane. Komeza woroshye, hanyuma wongereho uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu igihe ububabare bugaragaye.

  • Imvugo y'ikigereranyo ifite inenge gato : tekereza ku rukuta rwawe nk'ingofero y'igare ku gishushanyo cyawe. Ntabwo ari nziza? Wenda. Ariko uzabura iyo inzira igana ku muhanda ikubwiye ko uramutse.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Bito ku Mirongo Ngenderwaho ❓

Q: Ese framework itandukanye n'isomero cyangwa platform?

  • Isomero : imikorere cyangwa ingero runaka wita.

  • Framework : isobanura imiterere n'ubuzima, ishyira mu masomero.

  • Urubuga : ibidukikije byagutse bifite infrarouge, UX, kwishyuza, na serivisi zicungwa.

Q: Ese nshobora kubaka ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nta framework?

Yego mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Mu by'ukuri, ni nko kwandika compiler yawe bwite yo kwandika kuri blog. Urashobora, ariko kuki?.

Q: Ese nkeneye amahugurwa n'uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi?

Akenshi yego. Iga muri PyTorch cyangwa TensorFlow, ohereza kuri ONNX, ukoreshe Triton cyangwa ONNX Runtime. Imirongo iba ihari ku bushake. [4]

Q: Ni hehe imikorere myiza yemewe iba?

AI RMF ya NIST ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'ibyago; inyandiko z'abacuruzi ku bwubatsi; ubuyobozi bwa ML bw'abatanga serivisi zo mu bicu ni ingirakamaro mu kugenzura. [5]

Incamake y'interuro y'ingenzi kugira ngo isobanuke neza 📌

Abantu bakunze gushakisha porogaramu ya AI kuko bagerageza guhuza dots hagati y’ubushakashatsi n’ikintu gishobora gukoreshwa. None se, porogaramu ya AI ni iyihe mu bikorwa? Ni itsinda ry’amakuru ajyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’amakuru, abstracts, n’amahame agufasha guhugura, gusuzuma no gukoresha moderi mu buryo butunguranye, mu gihe ukina neza n’imiyoboro y’amakuru, ibikoresho, n’imiyoborere. Hariya, nk’uko byavuzwe inshuro eshatu. 😅

Amagambo ya nyuma - Igihe kirekire cyane sinagisomye 🧠➡️🚀

  • Porogaramu ya mudasobwa ya AI iguha uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu mu buryo bufatika: tensors, autodiff, amahugurwa, gushyiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho.

  • Hitamo ukurikije ururimi, intego yo gukwirakwiza, ingano, n'ubujyakuzimu bw'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.

  • Teganya kuvanga uduce duto: PyTorch cyangwa TensorFlow kugira ngo utoze, ONNX Runtime cyangwa Triton kugira ngo utange, MLflow kugira ngo ukurikirane, Airflow cyangwa Prefect kugira ngo utegure. [1][2][4]

  • Teganya uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, kubibona, no gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka hakiri kare. [5]

  • Kandi yego, komeza ibice birambiranye. Kurambirwa ni ubwato buhamye kandi buhamye.

Imiterere myiza ntabwo ikuraho ingorane. Irayitunganya kugira ngo ikipe yawe ibashe kwihuta mu gihe gito. 🚢

Amareferensi

[1] PyTorch - Intangiriro kuri torch.compile (inyandiko zemewe): soma byinshi

[2] TensorFlow - Imikorere myiza hamwe na tf.function (ubuyobozi bwemewe): soma byinshi

[3] JAX - Gutangira vuba: Uburyo bwo gutekereza muri JAX (inyandiko zemewe): soma byinshi

[4] Igihe cyo Gukoresha ONNX - Igihe cyo Gukoresha ONNX cyo Gusesengura (inyandiko zemewe): soma byinshi

[5] NIST - Urwego rw'Imicungire y'Ibibazo bya AI (AI RMF 1.0) : soma byinshi

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