Uburyo bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPU mu mahugurwa ya AI

Uburyo bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPU mu mahugurwa ya AI

Igisubizo kigufi: Koresha NVIDIA GPUs mu mahugurwa ya AI ubanza kwemeza ko umushoferi na GPU bigaragara kuri nvidia-smi , hanyuma ushyiremo framework/CUDA stack ijyanye nayo hanyuma ukoreshe ikizamini gito cya "model + batch kuri cuda". Niba ukoze ku bubiko butari mu bubiko, gabanya ingano ya batch hanyuma ukoreshe mixed precision, mugihe ukurikirana ikoreshwa, memori, n'ubushyuhe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe:

Igenzura ry'ibanze : Tangira na nvidia-smi ; kosora uburyo bwo kubona neza driver mbere yo gushyiraho frameworks.

Guhuza imikorere ya stack : Komeza uhuze umushoferi, igihe cyo gukoresha CUDA, na verisiyo za framework kugira ngo wirinde impanuka no gucika intege.

Intsinzi nto : Emeza ko CUDA yatsinze umupira inshuro imwe mbere yuko wongera igeragezwa.

Ubumenyi bwa VRAM : Ishingikirize ku buryo buvanze bwo gukora neza, kwegeranya ubuziranenge bw'amabara, no kugenzura kugira ngo bihuze n'ubwoko bunini.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura : Kugenzura imikoreshereze, imiterere y'ububiko, imbaraga, n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo umenye ibibazo hakiri kare.

Ingingo ushobora gukunda gusoma nyuma y'iyi:

🔗 Uburyo bwo kubaka umukozi wa AI
Tegura imikorere y'umukozi wawe, ibikoresho bye, ububiko bwe, n'ibikoresho by'umutekano.

🔗 Uburyo bwo gushyiraho moderi za AI
Shyiraho ibidukikije, ingero z'ibipaki, kandi wohereze ku musaruro mu buryo bwizewe.

🔗 Uburyo bwo gupima imikorere ya AI
Hitamo ibipimo, koresha isuzuma, kandi ukurikirane imikorere uko igihe kigenda.

🔗 Uburyo bwo gukora imirimo hifashishijwe ubuhanga bwa AI
Hindura akazi gasubiramo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukora, uburyo bwo gukora, no gushyira hamwe.

1) Ishusho rusange - icyo ukora iyo "witoza kuri GPU" 🧠⚡

Iyo utoza moderi za AI, akenshi uba ukora imibare myinshi ya matrix. GPU zubatswe kubera ubwo bwoko bw'akazi gahuriranye, bityo framework nka PyTorch, TensorFlow, na JAX zishobora kohereza ibikoresho biremereye kuri GPU. ( PyTorch CUDA docs , TensorFlow install (pip) , JAX Quickstart )

Mu by’ukuri, "gukoresha NVIDIA GPUs mu mahugurwa" bivuze:

  • Ibipimo byawe bya moderi bibaho (akenshi) muri GPU VRAM

  • Amatsinda yawe yimurwa kuva kuri RAM kugera kuri VRAM buri ntambwe

  • Inzira yawe yo gusimbuka imbere n'inyuma ikora kuri kernels za CUDA ( Ubuyobozi bwa Porogaramu ya CUDA )

  • Ivugurura ryawe rya optimizer riba kuri GPU (byaba byiza)

  • Ugenzura ubushyuhe, kwibuka, ikoreshwa ryabyo kugira ngo udateka ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose 🔥 ( NVIDIA nvidia-smi docs )

Niba bisa nkaho ari byinshi, ntugahangayike. Ni urutonde rw'ibintu ugomba gukora n'imyitwarire imwe n'imwe ugenda urushaho kwiyubaka uko igihe kigenda gihita.

2) Ni iki gituma verisiyo nziza ya setingi y'amahugurwa ya NVIDIA GPU AI iba nziza 🤌

Iki ni igice cya "ntukubake inzu kuri jelly". Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPUs mu mahugurwa ya AI ni bumwe mu buryo budasobanutse neza. Uburyo budasobanutse neza burasobanutse neza. Uburyo budasobanutse neza burasobanutse neza. Uburyo budasobanutse neza burasobanutse neza 😄

Imyitozo ikomeye ikunze kugira:

  • VRAM ihagije ku bunini bw'itsinda ryawe + moderi + imiterere ya optimizer

    • VRAM ni nk'umwanya w'isanduku. Ushobora gupakira neza, ariko ntushobora gupakira ubudashira.

  • Porogaramu ihuye (driver + CUDA runtime + framework compatibility) ( PyTorch Get Started (CUDA selector) , TensorFlow install (pip) )

  • Ububiko bwihuse (NVMe ifasha cyane mu kubika amakuru manini)

  • CPU nziza + RAM kugira ngo GPU idatakaza inzara ( PyTorch Performance Tuning Guide )

  • Gukonjesha no gutanga umuriro (ntibihabwa agaciro gahagije kugeza igihe bitazaba 😬)

  • Ibidukikije bishobora kongera gukoreshwa (venv/conda cyangwa containers) kugira ngo kuvugurura bitazaba akajagari ( Incamake ya NVIDIA Container Toolkit )

Kandi ikindi kintu abantu bareberaho:

  • Ingeso yo kugenzura - ugenzura ububiko bwa GPU n'imikoreshereze yayo nk'uko ugenzura indorerwamo mugihe utwaye imodoka. ( NVIDIA nvidia-smi docs )

3) Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya - uburyo buzwi bwo kwitoza ukoresheje NVIDIA GPUs (hamwe n'ibintu bidasanzwe) 📊

Hasi hari urupapuro rw'uburiganya rw'uko "ni iyihe ijyanye?". Ibiciro ni bibi cyane (kuko ukuri kuratandukanye), kandi yego imwe muri izi selile ni mbi cyane, ku bushake.

Igikoresho / Uburyo Ibyiza kuri Igiciro Impamvu bikora (akenshi)
PyTorch (vanilla) PyTorch abantu benshi, imishinga myinshi Ubuntu Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rurerure, runini, rworoshye gukemura ibibazo - kandi buri wese afite ibitekerezo bye
Inyandiko za PyTorch Lightning amakipe, imyitozo iteguye neza Ubuntu Bigabanya uburyo bwo koga, bigasukura imiyoboro; rimwe na rimwe bimera nk' "ubumaji", kugeza igihe bitagenze neza
z'abatoza bahoberana mu maso + inyandiko z'abatoza Gutunganya neza NLP + LLM Ubuntu Imyitozo irimo bateri, uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyura buri gihe, gutsinda vuba 👍
Ihutishe Ihutishe inyandiko GPU nyinshi nta bubabare Ubuntu Bituma DDP idatera umujinya, ni nziza mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha hatabayeho kongera kwandika ibintu byose
za DeepSpeed ​​ZeRO abanyamideli banini, amayeri yo kwibuka Ubuntu ZeRO, gukuraho, kwagura - bishobora kuba bitoroshye ariko bishimishije iyo bikandagiye
TensorFlow + Keras TF ishyirwaho imiyoboro ijyanye n'umusaruro Ubuntu Ibikoresho bikomeye, inkuru nziza yo kubikoresha; bamwe barabikunda, abandi ntibabikunda bucece
za JAX + Flax JAX Quickstart / Flax ubushakashatsi + abashakashatsi b'umuvuduko Ubuntu Gukusanya XLA bishobora kwihuta cyane, ariko gukosora amakosa bishobora kumvikana nk'aho ari ibintu bigufi
Incamake ya NVIDIA NeMo imigendekere y'imirimo yo kuvuga + LLM Ubuntu Urupapuro rwatunganyijwe neza na NVIDIA, resept nziza - bisa no guteka ukoresheje ifuru nziza 🍳
Incamake y'ibikoresho bya Docker + NVIDIA Container Toolkit ibidukikije bishobora kongera kubyazwa umusaruro Ubuntu "Ikora kuri mashini yanjye" ihinduka "ikora kuri mashini zacu" (akenshi na none)

4) Intambwe ya mbere - yemeza ko GPU yawe igaragara neza 🕵️♂️

Mbere yo gushyiramo ibintu icumi na bibiri, banza urebe neza iby'ibanze.

Ibintu wifuza kuba ukuri:

  • Imashini ibona GPU

  • Umushoferi wa NVIDIA yashyizwemo neza

  • GPU ntabwo ihagaze gukora ikindi kintu

  • Ushobora kubibaza neza

Igenzura rya kera ni iri:

Icyo ushaka:

Niba nvidia-smi inaniwe, hagarara aho. Ntugashyiremo frameworks. Ni nko kugerageza guteka umugati mu gihe ifuru yawe itaracomekwa. ( NVIDIA System Management Interface (NSVMI) )

Icyitonderwa gito: rimwe na rimwe nvidia-smi irakora ariko imyitozo yawe igakomeza kunanirwa kubera ko igihe cyo gukoresha CUDA gikoreshwa na framework yawe kidahuye n'ibyo umushoferi yiteze. Ibyo si uko uri umuswa. Uko ni ko… bimeze 😭 ( PyTorch Tangira (CUDA selector) , TensorFlow install (pip) )

5) Kora porogaramu ihuriweho - abashoferi, CUDA, cuDNN, n'"imbyino ijyanye n'imikorere" 💃

Aha niho abantu batakaza amasaha. Amayeri ni: hitamo inzira hanyuma uyikurikize .

Amahitamo A: CUDA ihuriweho na Framework (akenshi byoroshye cyane)

PyTorch nyinshi zikora zikoresheje igihe cyazo cyo gukora cya CUDA, bivuze ko udakeneye ibikoresho byose bya CUDA byashyizweho muri sisitemu yose. Ukeneye gusa umushoferi wa NVIDIA ujyanye na we. ( PyTorch Get Started (CUDA selector) , Verisiyo za PyTorch zabanje (CUDA wheels) )

Ibyiza:

  • Ibice bike byo kwimuka

  • Gushyiramo byoroshye

  • Bishobora kongera kubyazwa umusaruro kuri buri gipimo

Ibibi:

  • Iyo uvanga ibidukikije mu buryo busanzwe, ushobora kwitiranya

Uburyo B: Porogaramu ya CUDA ya sisitemu (igenzura ryinshi)

Ushyiramo CUDA toolkit kuri sisitemu hanyuma ugahuza byose na yo. ( CUDA Toolkit docs )

Ibyiza:

  • Igenzura ryinshi ku bwubatsi bwihariye, ibikoresho byihariye

  • Ifasha mu gukusanya ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe

Ibibi:

  • Uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza verisiyo no kurira bucece

cuDNN na NCCL, mu buryo bw'abantu

  • cuDNN yihutisha inyigisho zirambuye (convolutions, RNN bits, nibindi) ( NVIDIA cuDNN docs )

  • NCCL ni isomero ryihuse rya "GPU-to-GPU communication" rigenewe amahugurwa ya GPU nyinshi ( incamake ya NCCL )

Iyo uhugurwa na GPU nyinshi, NCCL ni inshuti yawe magara - kandi rimwe na rimwe, ni inshuti yawe y'umurava. ( Incamake ya NCCL )

6) Imyitozo yawe ya mbere ya GPU (urugero rw'imitekerereze ya PyTorch) ✅🔥

Kugira ngo ukurikize uburyo bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPU mu mahugurwa ya AI , ntukeneye umushinga munini mbere na mbere. Ukeneye gutsinda gato.

Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi:

  • Gutahura igikoresho

  • Imura moderi kuri GPU

  • Himura tensors kuri GPU

  • Emeza ko pass igiye imbere ( docs za PyTorch CUDA )

Ibintu nkunda kugenzura neza hakiri kare:

Ibisanzwe bivuga ngo "kuki bigenda buhoro?"

  • Dataloader yawe iragenda buhoro cyane (GPU irategereza idakora) ( PyTorch Performance Tuning Guide )

  • Wibagiwe kwimura amakuru kuri GPU (oops)

  • Ingano y'itsinda ni nto (GPU ntikoreshwa neza)

  • Urimo gukora isuzuma rikomeye rya CPU mu ntambwe y'imyitozo

Nanone, yego, GPU yawe ikunze kugaragara nk'aho "idahuze cyane" niba ikibazo ari amakuru. Ni nko guha akazi umushoferi w'imodoka y'amarushanwa hanyuma ukamutegeka gutegereza lisansi buri gihe.

7) Umukino wa VRAM - ingano y'itsinda, ubuziranenge buvanze, kandi ntabwo uturikira 💥🧳

Ibibazo byinshi by'imyitozo yo mu ikoranabuhanga biva mu kwibuka. Niba wize ubuhanga bumwe, menya gucunga VRAM.

Uburyo bwihuse bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ububiko

  • Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buvanze (FP16/BF16)

  • Gukusanya imirasire

  • Uburebure buto bw'urutonde / ingano y'ibihingwa

    • Byaranzwe n'ubugome ariko bifite akamaro

  • Igenzura ryo gukoresha porogaramu

    • Guhinduranya kubara ukoresheje ububiko (gusubiza hamwe ibikorwa mu gihe cyo gusubira inyuma) ( torch.utils.checkpoint )

  • Koresha icyuma gifasha mu kugabanya ubushyuhe

    • Hari optimizer zimwe na zimwe zibika ibintu byinshi bikoresha VRAM

Akanya ka "kuki VRAM ikiri yuzuye nyuma yo guhagarika?"

Imiterere ikunze kubika ububiko bw'amakuru kugira ngo ikore neza. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Bisa nkaho biteye ubwoba ariko si ko buri gihe biba ari ukubura amazi. Wiga gusoma imiterere. ( PyTorch CUDA semantics: caching allocator )

Akamenyero gafatika:

8) Gutuma GPU ikora neza - gutunganya imikorere ikwiye igihe cyawe 🏎️

Kugira ngo "amahugurwa ya GPU akore" ni intambwe ya mbere. Kubikora vuba ni intambwe ya kabiri.

Ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere

Imbogamizi yirengagijwe cyane

Uburyo bwawe bwo kubika no gutunganya amakuru mbere y'igihe. Niba amakuru yawe ari manini kandi abikwa kuri disiki igenda buhoro, GPU yawe iba icyuma gishyushya umwanya gihenze. Igishyushya umwanya giteye imbere cyane kandi kirabagirana cyane.

Nanone, kwemera gato: "Nanoze" icyitegererezo mu gihe cy'isaha imwe gusa maze mbona ko kwandika ari byo byari imbogamizi. Gucapa cyane bishobora gutinza imyitozo. Yego, birashoboka.

9) Amahugurwa ya Multi-GPU - DDP, NCCL, no gupima nta kajagari 🧩🤝

Iyo ushaka ko amamodeli yihuta cyane cyangwa manini, ukoresha GPU nyinshi. Aha niho ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.

Uburyo busanzwe

  • Amakuru Ahwanye (DDP)

    • Gabanya amatsinda kuri GPU, huza gradients

    • Ubusanzwe amahitamo "meza" asanzwe ( PyTorch DDP docs )

  • Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere ya moderi / Tensor Parallel

    • Gabanya moderi muri GPU (ku ma model manini cyane)

  • Umuyoboro ugana ku ruhande rumwe

    • Gabanya ibice by'icyitegererezo mo ibyiciro (nk'umurongo wo guteranya, ariko ku byerekeye tensors)

Niba utangiye, imyitozo yo mu bwoko bwa DDP niyo nziza. ( Inyigisho ya PyTorch DDP )

Inama z'ingirakamaro zo gukoresha GPU nyinshi

  • Menya neza ko GPU zifite ubushobozi bumwe (imbogamizi zo kuvanga agacupa)

  • Kureba aho uhurira: NVLink vs PCIe ni ingenzi ku mirimo myinshi ijyanye no guhuza ( Incamake ya NVIDIA NVLink , inyandiko za NVIDIA NVLink )

  • Komeza ingano za buri GPU ziringaniye

  • Ntukirengagize CPU n'ububiko - GPU nyinshi zishobora kongera imbogamizi mu gukoresha amakuru

Kandi yego, amakosa ya NCCL ashobora kumera nk'ikimenyetso gipfundikiye mu ibanga gipfundikiye mu "kuki ubu". Ntabwo uri ikivume. Birashoboka. ( Incamake ya NCCL )

10) Gukurikirana no gusesengura - ibintu bitazwi neza bigufasha kuzigama amasaha 📈🧯

Ntabwo ukeneye utubati tw’amakuru duhambaye kugira ngo utangire. Ugomba kumenya igihe hari ikintu kidakora.

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi byo kureba

  • Imikoreshereze ya GPU : ese ihora iri hejuru cyangwa ifite umuvuduko?

  • Imikoreshereze y'ubwibukire : ihamye, kuzamuka, cyangwa idasanzwe?

  • Gukoresha ingufu nke : kugabanuka kudasanzwe bishobora gutuma umuntu adakoresha neza

  • Ubushyuhe : ubushyuhe bwinshi burambye bushobora gutuma imikorere irushaho kuba mibi

  • Imikoreshereze ya CPU : ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amakuru bigaragara hano ( PyTorch Performance Tuning Guide )

Uburyo bwo gutekereza ku miterere y'umuntu (version yoroshye)

  • Niba GPU ikoreshwa gake - amakuru cyangwa ikibazo cya CPU

  • Niba GPU iri hejuru ariko igenda buhoro - imikorere mibi ya kernel, ubuziranenge, cyangwa imiterere y'icyitegererezo

  • Iyo umuvuduko w'imyitozo ugabanutse ku buryo butunguranye - gushyuha cyane, inzira z'inyuma, guhungabana kwa I/O

Ndabizi, gukurikirana bisa nkaho bidashimishije. Ariko ni nko gukurura urushinge rw'amazi. Birababaza, hanyuma mu buryo butunguranye ubuzima bwawe buratera imbere.

11) Gukemura ibibazo - ibisanzwe bikekwaho (n'ibidakunze kugaragara) 🧰😵💫

Iki gice muri rusange ni: "ingingo eshanu zimwe, iteka ryose."

Ikibazo: CUDA yabuze aho yibuka

Ibikosorwa:

Ikibazo: Imyitozo ikorwa kuri CPU ku buryo butunguranye

Ibikosorwa:

  • reba neza ko icyitegererezo cyimuriwe muri Cuda

  • kugenzura ko tensors zimurirwa muri cuda

  • genzura imiterere y'igikoresho cya framework ( docs za PyTorch CUDA )

Ikibazo: Impanuka zidasanzwe cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ububiko butemewe n'amategeko

Ibikosorwa:

Ikibazo: Bitinze kurusha uko byari byitezwe

Ibikosorwa:

Ikibazo: GPU nyinshi zirahagarara

Ibikosorwa:

Icyitonderwa gito: hari igihe gukosora ari ugusubiza inyuma. Bisa n'ubupfapfa. Birakora. Mudasobwa ni uko bimeze.

12) Ikiguzi n'imikorere - guhitamo GPU ya NVIDIA ikwiye no kuyishyiraho nta gutekereza cyane 💸🧠

Si buri mushinga ukeneye GPU nini cyane. Hari igihe uba ukeneye ihagije .

Niba urimo gutunganya neza moderi ziciriritse

Niba urimo gutoza abanyamideli banini kuva ku ntangiriro

Niba urimo gukora igerageza

  • Urashaka gusubiramo byihuse

  • Ntugakoreshe amafaranga yawe yose kuri GPU hanyuma ngo wice ububiko na RAM

  • Sisitemu iringaniye irusha iyitari ku ruhande (iminsi myinshi)

Kandi mu by'ukuri, ushobora gutakaza ibyumweru byinshi ukurikirana amahitamo y'ibikoresho "bitunganye". Kora ikintu gishoboka, upime, hanyuma ugikosore. Umwanzi nyakuri ni ukutagira uburyo bwo gusubiza ibibazo.

Inyandiko zisoza - Uburyo bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPU mu mahugurwa ya AI udataye umutwe 😌✅

Niba nta kindi wakuye muri iyi nyandiko ivuga ku buryo bwo gukoresha NVIDIA GPU mu mahugurwa ya AI , fata iyi:

Guhugura kuri NVIDIA GPU ni bumwe mu buhanga butera ubwoba, hanyuma bugahita buba… ibisanzwe. Nk’uko kwiga gutwara imodoka. Mbere na mbere ibintu byose birasakuza kandi bikabangamirana, ugafata ipine cyane. Hanyuma umunsi umwe uri mu rugendo, unywa ikawa, hanyuma ugakemura ikibazo cy’ingano y’imodoka nk’aho ntacyo bitwaye ☕😄

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Icyo bivuze gutoza moderi ya AI kuri NVIDIA GPU

Guhugura kuri NVIDIA GPU bivuze ko ibipimo byawe bya moderi n'amatsinda y'amahugurwa biba muri GPU VRAM, kandi imibare ikomeye (forward pass, backprop, optimizer intambwe) ikoreshwa binyuze muri CUDA kernels. Mu by'ukuri, ibi akenshi bishingira ku kwemeza ko moderi na tensors biri kuri cuda , hanyuma bigakurikirana kwibuka, imikoreshereze, n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo umusaruro ukomeze kuba umwe.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ko NVIDIA GPU ikora mbere yo gushyiramo ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose

Tangira na nvidia-smi . Igomba kwerekana izina rya GPU, verisiyo y'umushoferi, ikoreshwa rya memori rigezweho, n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora. Niba nvidia-smi inaniwe, hagarika kuri PyTorch/TensorFlow/JAX - banza ukore vision ya driver. Ni cyo kintu cy'ibanze "ni ifuru ifunguye" reba niba GPU irahugurwa.

Guhitamo hagati ya sisitemu ya CUDA na CUDA ihujwe na PyTorch

Uburyo busanzwe ni ugukoresha CUDA ya framework-bundled (nk'amapine menshi ya PyTorch) kuko igabanya ibice bigenda - ukeneye cyane cyane umushoferi wa NVIDIA ujyanye nayo. Gushyiramo CUDA toolkit yose bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura (kubaka ibintu ku giti cyawe, gukusanya imikorere), ariko binatanga amahirwe menshi yo kudahuza neza kwa verisiyo no kwitiranya amakosa yo gukora.

Impamvu imyitozo ishobora gukomeza gutinda nubwo haba hari NVIDIA GPU

Akenshi, GPU ibura inzara kubera uburyo bwo kuyinjiza. Ibikoresho bitanga amakuru bitinda, CPU nyinshi zikora mbere yo kuyitunganya mu cyiciro cy’amahugurwa, ingano nto y’ibikoresho, cyangwa kubika buhoro buhoro byose bishobora gutuma GPU ikomeye ikora nk’icyuma gishyushya ahantu hatameze neza. Kongera abakozi batanga amakuru, gukoresha ububiko bufunguye, kongeramo uburyo bwo gutoranya amakuru mbere yo kuyandika ni intambwe zikunze kugaragara mbere yo gushinja moderi.

Uburyo bwo gukumira amakosa ya "CUDA yo kwibagirwa" mu gihe cy'amahugurwa ya NVIDIA GPU

Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukosora ni uburyo bwa VRAM: kugabanya ingano y'itsinda, gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza (FP16/BF16), gukoresha uburyo bwo gukusanya (gradient accumulation), kugabanya uburebure bw'umurongo/ingano y'ibice, cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa. Reba kandi izindi gahunda za GPU zikoresha ububiko. Hari uburyo bwo kugerageza no gukosa busanzwe - Guteganya ingengo y'imari ya VRAM biba akamenyero gakomeye mu mahugurwa ya GPU.

Impamvu VRAM ishobora kugaragara yuzuye nyuma y'uko inyandiko y'amahugurwa irangiye

Akenshi Framework zibika GPU kugira ngo zirebe umuvuduko, bityo ububiko bwibitswe bushobora kuguma hejuru nubwo ububiko bwibitswe bwagabanutse. Bushobora kumera nk'aho bwavuyemo amazi, ariko akenshi igikoresho gitanga caching kigenda nk'uko cyagenwe. Akamenyero gafatika ni ugukurikirana imiterere uko igihe kigenda gihita no kugereranya "ibyatanzwe cyangwa byabitswe" aho kureba ishusho imwe iteye ubwoba.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ko moderi atari ugutoza bucece kuri CPU

Suzuma neza hakiri kare: emeza ko torch.cuda.is_available() igarura True , emeza ko next(model.parameters()). igikoresho kigaragaza cuda , kandi ukoreshe pass imwe yo imbere nta makosa. Niba imikorere isa n'aho igenda buhoro, emeza kandi ko amatsinda yawe yimurirwa kuri GPU. Ni ibisanzwe kwimura moderi hanyuma ugasiga amakuru inyuma mu buryo butunguranye.

Inzira yoroshye cyane yo guhugura abantu benshi hakoreshejwe GPU nyinshi

Data Parallel (amahugurwa ya DDP-style) akenshi ni yo ntambwe ya mbere nziza: gutandukanya ibice kuri GPU no guhuza gradients. Ibikoresho nka Accelerate bishobora gutuma GPU nyinshi zidakomerera hatabayeho kongera kwandika. Tegereza ibindi bihinduka - itumanaho rya NCCL, itandukaniro ry'imikoranire (NVLink vs PCIe), hamwe n'imbogamizi z'amakuru - bityo kongera imbaraga buhoro buhoro nyuma yo gukoresha GPU imwe gusa bikunze kugenda neza.

Ibyo ugomba gukurikirana mu gihe cy'amahugurwa ya NVIDIA GPU kugira ngo umenye ibibazo hakiri kare

Reba ikoreshwa rya GPU, ikoreshwa rya memori (rihamye ugereranije no kuzamuka), ingufu zikoreshwa, n'ubushyuhe - gukurura bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko bucece. Reba kandi ikoreshwa rya CPU, kuko ikibazo cy'imiyoboro y'amakuru gikunze kugaragara mbere na mbere. Niba ikoreshwa ari rito cyangwa rito, banza wibaze I/O cyangwa dataloaders; niba ari hejuru ariko igihe cyo gutera intambwe kigakomeza kugenda buhoro, imiterere y'amakuru, uburyo bwo gukora neza, n'igabanuka ry'igihe cyo gutera intambwe.

Amareferensi

  1. za NVIDIA - NVIDIA nvidia-smi - docs.nvidia.com

  2. NVIDIA - NVIDIA System Management Interface (NSVMI) - developer.nvidia.com

  3. NVIDIA - NVIDIA NVLink - nvidia.com

  4. PyTorch - Tangira PyTorch (icyitegererezo cya CUDA) - pytorch.org

  5. PyTorch - PyTorch Inyandiko za CUDA - docs.pytorch.org

  6. TensorFlow - Gushyira TensorFlow (pip) - tensorflow.org

  7. JAX - JAX Quickstart - docs.jax.dev

  8. Guhoberana mu maso - Inyandiko z'umutoza - huggingface.co

  9. Lightning AI - Inyandiko z'umurabyo - lightning.ai

  10. DeepSpeed ​​- ZeRO docs - deepspeed.readthedocs.io

  11. Ubushakashatsi bwa Microsoft - Ubushakashatsi bwa Microsoft: ZeRO/DeepSpeed ​​- microsoft.com

  12. Imbuga za PyTorch - Imbuga ya PyTorch: reba icyitegererezo kuri CUDA - discuss.pytorch.org

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